關於 automated control ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

With Steigen Singapore latest 𝑺𝑶𝑳𝑨𝑹 𝑨𝑳𝑷𝑯𝑨 𝒂𝒖𝒕𝒐𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒍𝒂𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒓𝒚 𝒔𝒚𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎, the power of solar is in our home!!! 💥⁣
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Yessss! Best decision ever to get this smart German technology installed! Our 3 months of using Steigen Solar Alpha was indeed an amazing transformation to a convenient & safer indoor laundry drying experience!❤️ #goodthingsmustshare⁣
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This is the ultimate solution to our laundry woes! ✨⁣
It's fully automated! So effortless to use & ergonomic. Forget the bamboo poles! I also don't have to worry about rainy days anymore! With just a click of button, the 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐃𝐫𝐲𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐟𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 stimulates sun drying effect resulting in our laundry to 𝙙𝙧𝙮 𝟖𝙭 𝙛𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙧 than natural breeze! Life saver! The 𝟔𝟎°𝘾 𝙝𝙚𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙧 𝙚𝙡𝙞𝙢𝙞𝙣𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙨 𝙜𝙚𝙧𝙢𝙨 too. Love it! ⁣
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I especially like the inbuilt 𝐈𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐞𝐫 which eliminate airborne allergens & musty odours. Mega love the 𝐃𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝐌𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐫 using Ultrasonic Technology to keeps dust mites at bay. Great for family with young kids/ sensitive nose like us! :) #triedandtested ⁣
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Solar Alpha is so easy to use. It can be lowered to 1.35m Even Joreen can help with the laundry to foster a sense of shared responsibility in the household from a young age. Plus i can control my Steigen on both the 𝙧𝙚𝙢𝙤𝙩𝙚 & 𝙢𝙤𝙗𝙞𝙡𝙚 𝙖𝙥𝙥! Schedule my laundry anywhere, anytime! I even get notification when the drying is completed. How cool is that! ❤️ #smarthome⁣
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I cannot be more pleased with our Steigen!⁣
Highly recommended if you do like to get an automated laundry system!⁣
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💫𝐐𝐮𝐨𝐭𝐞 𝗝𝗢𝗬𝗖𝗘60 𝐭𝐨 𝐬𝐚𝐯𝐞 $60 𝗼𝗳𝗳 all Steigen systems! 😉 ⁣
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#SteigenSingapore #Steigenhome

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史丹佛最新研究顯示：自動駕駛汽車竟然也能甩尾！

杜晨 / 何渝婷編譯
2019-12-25 14:30

輪胎膠皮和柏油地面的劇烈摩擦，產生的白煙幾乎籠罩了整個跑道。

一輛銀色的汽車，高速穿行在由橘色路樁定好的跑道區域內。

它以極其精確的姿態控制，穿過了這條蜿蜒曲折且十分狹窄的跑道！

一切不得不令人感慨：坐在方向盤後的，究竟是日本的山道元祖土屋圭市，還是美國的甩尾大神布洛克（Ken Block）？

都不是。

事實上，駕駛著這台1981款DMC DeLorean的，並不是真人，而是史丹佛大學開發的自動駕駛系統......

你沒有聽錯：自動駕駛汽車，已經可以實現精確的甩尾了。

即便在失去抓地力的前提下，自動駕駛系統仍然可以進行精確的控制。

這台DeLorean穿行於狹窄的跑道中，卻沒有誤觸任何一個路樁。如果你看過著名的Gymkhana系列影片，可能會對這樣的駕駛模式感到熟悉。

然而，即便是已經親自出演十多部Gymkhana影片的Ken Block本人，對賽道和車體掌握的精確程度，似乎也無法達到史丹佛大學這台自動駕駛汽車的程度.....

也難怪，團隊拿著這條自動駕駛甩尾影片給一些職業甩尾賽車手看，這些車手紛紛表示：「感覺要失業了！」

2015年，史丹佛大學動力設計實驗室的教授Chirs Gerdes不知道從哪找來了一台1981款DMC DeLorean。

沒錯，就是著名科幻電影《回到未來》裡的那台汽車的原型。

Gerdes教授帶著幾個自己的學生開始改裝這台神車，過程中也得到了自動駕駛創業公司Renovo的幫助。團隊還把這台車取名叫Multiple Actuator Research Testbed for Yaw control（偏航控制多執行器研究試驗台），簡稱MARTY。

因為《回到未來》的原因，再加上DMC公司本身的傳奇故事，DeLorean在汽車歷史上留下過濃墨重彩的一筆。然而，除了光環加身之外，這台車實際上毫無任何特色可言。

因此，團隊所作的第一件事，就是把這台車拆了個乾淨，包括發動機，換進去一套電池、電機和傳動系統等，把這台DeLorean變成了名副其實的「電動車」：

然後，團隊進一步加裝了控制系統。包括油門、剎車和方向盤控制等等，全部都是由電腦完成的。

下面這張圖展示了改裝的主要內容，從左到右、從上到下：

拆除了原本2.8升排量卻只能輸出130hp的燃油發動機，換進了一台 7,000牛頓米（N·m）的電動機——轉換到制動馬力至少也有400hp左右？

雙GPS天線用於追蹤汽車的位置，可以精確到1吋。車載系統正是通過GPS定位來確定自己的位置。也就是說，MARTY的自動駕駛，並不是普遍意義上的機器學習，而是一個更簡單的、邏輯驅動的自動駕駛。

電腦控制的轉向系統，不到一秒的時間，即可從一個方向的極限轉到另一個方向的極限，而且控制極其精確，這也是為什麼這輛自動駕駛汽車可以實現更精準的甩尾控制。
電動剎車系統，可以進行精準的剎車控制。

訂製的懸掛系統，滿足甩尾時對輪組產生的極限壓力。

甩尾和正常駕駛是兩種完全不同的駕駛方式。當我們正常開車時，汽車會朝著打輪的方向前進。而且，正常開車需要輪胎保持抓地力，因為失去抓地力就意味著駕駛者失去對汽車的控制，很容易導致事故發生。

而在甩尾時，一切和正常駕駛幾乎都反過來了：汽車的前進方向實際上和打輪方向完全相反。而且在甩尾時，車手必須在失去和獲得抓地力之間找到一種平衡，使得輪胎在賽道上打滑，卻也能提供足夠的力量將車往前推。

同時這一力量又必須和前輪的角度形成一個平衡，使得車輛不會因為轉向過度而偏離前進的方向：

對於真人車手，他們需要用眼睛去看發動機轉速表，耳朵去聽發動機、輪胎摩擦的聲音，用身體去感受離心力等等。在很大程度上，車手是通過自己的意識去感知的。

任何人都可以猛踩油門讓輪胎失去抓地力，但掌握精確的控制，從而讓車輛在一種「可控的失控」下完成精彩的甩尾過彎，需要日積月累的訓練。

而這一切對DeLorean似乎更加簡單。為什麼這麼說？因為它可以直接從車載電腦和傳感器中讀取數據，從而做出精確的操控。

操控車載系統顯示了車輛目前的速度、各輪的當前扭矩數值、前輪的轉向角度，以及車輛的前進方向和車身之間的偏航角度 (yaw) 等關鍵數據。

史丹佛團隊決定向Ken Block的Gymkhana系列影片致敬，將用來測試的這條賽道命名為MARTYkhana。這條賽道總長大約1公里，路線專門設置用來考驗和展示系統的精確性。

有了數據的幫助和電腦系統的加持，MARTY可以實現令人難以置信的精準過彎控制。下圖中，MARTY進行了一個從向左到向右甩尾的快速切換，穿過狹窄的門，卻沒有碰到障礙本身：

下圖中，賽道從一個大直徑的橢圓進入一個小直徑的圓形，MARTY的對油門、剎車和轉向角度控制，禁得起考驗，畫出了一道完美的螺旋白煙。

一些職業甩尾賽車手和工程師給了MARTY很高的評價。

2015年Formula DRIFT世界冠軍Fredric Aasbø指出，MARTY做了幾個難度非常高的transition（從一個彎形到另一個彎形的轉換），「在這種操控上，機器人可能會比我們人類做得更好。」

Papadakis Racing的隊長Stephan Papadakis表示，從影片裡可以看出，車輛的動力總成設計和安裝，以及自動駕駛系統的程式碼，令他印象非常深刻，特別是「可重複性」，也即MARTY每次穿過同一個彎形所採用的姿態，都一如既往準確無誤。

看這架勢，莫非史丹佛大學要出師Formula Drift了？

還好，並不是......

實際上，團隊進行這項研究的目的，是幫助未來的自動駕駛汽車更加安全。

現在的自動駕駛汽車已經挺安全了，主流公司公布的數據顯示事故率遠遠低於真人駕駛。然而這個結果建立在相對更安全的測試環境下，往往不包括（或者只包括極少量的）雨、雪或極端天氣。這也是為什麼在自動駕駛汽車測試過程中，一旦發生緊急情況，安全駕駛員必須接管。而在這類情況下，真人的應對能力往往比電腦更好。

如果道路因為雨雪和低溫導致結冰，如果道路上有大風，別說自動駕駛汽車，真人司機也很難保證絕對安全。

史丹佛大學團隊大改這台DeLorean，讓它去甩尾，目的就是研究自動駕駛汽車在失去穩定性的極端狀態下，應該如何自我控制。

這次的MARTYkhana，除了做出了一部令人血脈噴張的甩尾影片，更重要的意義在於獲得了大量關鍵的測試數據。

團隊成員Jonathan Goh表示，「通過甩尾，我們讓自動駕駛進入到最為極端的環境當中。如果我們能夠在最不穩定的場景中實現自動駕駛，其他的一切都迎刃而解了。」

圍繞這台改裝電動甩尾DeLorean，史丹佛大學團隊已經發布了相關的研究論文，題為Toward Automated Vehicle Control Beyond the Stability Limits: Drifting Along a General Path（朝著超越穩定極限的自動駕駛控制邁進：沿著一般道路甩尾）。

團隊也發布了更多的影片，展示MARTY在酷炫的甩尾背後，一些重要的研究思路和啓發：

這已經不是Gerdes教授的團隊第一次跟賽車打交道了。幾年前，他們改裝了一台奧迪TT，送到賽道上測試，實現了超越真人車手對於剎車和過彎路線的控制。

他們還把自動駕駛汽車送到過派克峰登頂計時賽 (Pikes Peak)，堪稱自動駕駛賽車界的第一團隊了。

附圖：（Fredric Aasbø, 2015 年Formula DRIFT世界冠軍）
（穿過障礙，有如「蜻蜓點水」一般輕盈）

資料來源：https://news.knowing.asia/news/f495f331-52bd-4552-b01f-a4a5d310699c?utm_source=dable

#英國 #機場通關 最近看見了許多前往義大利旅遊的朋友紛紛 po 出照片，驚訝著台灣護照的超強實力，我們竟然是全世界八國旅客能在入境義大利時走快速通關的其中一員，這是繼德國之後，第二個歐洲國家授予我們「自動化邊境管制（Automated border control）的創舉。

看到之後我真的心癢癢，英國呢？其實是有的，但（死）要錢的大英政府無法放過自己錯過任何賺錢機會，因此推出了一年 70 英鎊的快速通關會員制（Registered Traveller: faster entry through the UK border），而我就是今年才剛乖乖繳了錢，連一次都還沒享受到。

全球有 34 國公民符合資格，只要年滿 18 歲，持有英國簽證或入境許可，或是過去 24 個月間造訪英國至少四次，便可申請（規矩好多）。適用地點包括英國各大機場及歐洲之星的倫敦、法國巴黎、法國里爾、比利時布魯塞爾站。

亞洲國家中，只有台灣、澳門、香港、汶萊、馬來西亞、馬爾地夫在名單中。

流程很簡單，上網登記、刷卡繳錢，下一次旅遊時一樣先排隊走一般通道，經移民官當場驗證後，再下一次就可以輕輕鬆鬆地拿起護照刷卡通關。

其實我一年也沒有真的常常出國，頂多三、四次，但每次累得半死下飛機後還得跟人潮搏鬥，真的讓我咬著牙花下這筆錢，第一年 £70 小貴，第二年開始就是 £50 了。

我真的等不及下次旅遊時，要瀟灑威風的穿過人群，走向電子通關那區！

申請頁面：https://www.gov.uk/registered-traveller

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เผยโฉม The new 2019 - 2020 BMW 7-Series โฉมใหม่ รุ่นไมเนอร์เชนจ์ เปิดตัว อย่างเป็นทางการในต่างประเทศ

BMW is sharpening the profile of its flagship models in the luxury segment.
The new edition of the BMW 7 Series makes a clear statement of intent with
its confident presence, sophisticated elegance and strikingly innovative
control/operation, driver assistance and connectivity technology.
The new exterior design of the luxury sedan showcases its prestige and status
more vividly than ever. And on the inside, sumptuous leather trim with
extended quilting and optimised acoustic comfort, not to mention the digital
display grouping of instrument cluster and Control Display, the
BMW Operating System 7.0 and the BMW Intelligent Personal Assistant, set
new benchmarks in wellbeing and comfort on the move.
The line-up of power units for the new BMW 7 Series has also been updated
and includes a new eight-cylinder engine, a six-cylinder in-line unit and plug-in
hybrid systems offering extended electric range. All of the model variants
already meet the stipulations of the Euro 6d-Temp emissions standard.
And the driver assistance systems now boast a broader range of functionality.
The latest advances towards automated driving are highlighted by technology
such as the new Reversing Assistant.

Powertrain: V12 with gasoline particulate filter, new V8, plug-in
hybrid models now with six-cylinder in-line engine.
The choice of power units for the new BMW 7 Series includes petrol and
diesel engines with six, eight and twelve cylinders, as well as an all-new plugin hybrid drive system. Topping the range is the 6.6-litre V12 engine at the
heart of the BMW M760Li xDrive, which produces 430 kW/585 hp (fuel
consumption combined: 12.5 – 12.4 l/100 km; 22.6 – 22.8 mpg imp; CO2
emissions combined: 285 – 282 g/km*) and now comes with a gasoline
particulate filter to minimise emissions. Meanwhile, the BMW 750i xDrive (fuel
consumption combined: 9.5 – 9.5 l/100 km; 29.7 – 29.7 mpg imp: CO2
emissions combined: 217 – 217 g/km*) and BMW 750Li xDrive (fuel
consumption combined: 9.6 – 9.5 l/100 km; 29.4 – 29.7 mpg imp; CO2
emissions combined: 218 – 218 g/km*) feature a newly developed V8 engine
with 4.4-litre displacement and maximum output raised by 60 kW/80 hp to
390 kW/530 hp.
The plug-in hybrid variants of the new BMW 7 Series take all of the luxury
sedan’s sporting prowess, passenger comfort and feel-good ambience and
combine them with exceptionally high efficiency and the ability to offer a virtually silent, all-electric driving experience with zero local emissions.
Their plug-in hybrid system now employs a specially adapted six-cylinder inline petrol engine and a more advanced high-voltage battery. As a result, the
system can unleash a combined output of 290 kW/394 hp with the Driving
Experience Control switch set to SPORT mode. The combined fuel
consumption of the BMW 745e, BMW 745Le and BMW 745 Le xDrive is
between 2.6 and 2.1 litres per 100 kilometres* (108.6 – 134.5 mpg imp), their
CO2 emissions are 59 – 48 grams per kilometre*, and combined electric
power consumption is 16.3 – 15.0 kWh per 100 kilometres*. The three
models achieve an electric range between 50 and 58 kilometres (31 – 36
miles).
Three highly efficient and low-emission six-cylinder in-line diesel engines,
each with 3.0-litre displacement and up to four turbochargers round off the
drive system line-up for the new BMW 7 Series. Delivering peerless
performance for a diesel-powered luxury-class car is the 294 kW/400 hp
engine under the bonnet of the BMW 750d xDrive (fuel consumption
combined: 6.0 – 5.8 l/100 km; CO2 emissions combined: 157 – 152 g/km*)
and BMW 750 Ld xDrive (fuel consumption combined: 6.1 – 5.9 l/100 km;
CO2 emissions combined: 160 – 155 g/km*). The power unit fitted in the
BMW 740d xDrive (fuel consumption combined: 6.0 – 5.6 l/100 km; CO2
emissions combined: 158 – 148 g/km*) and BMW 740Ld xDrive (fuel
consumption combined: 6.0 – 5.7 l/100 km; CO2 emissions combined: 158 –
149 g/km*) develops a maximum 235 kW/320 hp. And the 195 kW/265 hp
engine for the BMW 730d (fuel consumption combined: 5.5 – 5.3 l/100 km;
CO2 emissions combined: 144 – 138 g/km*), BMW 730Ld (fuel consumption
combined: 5.5 – 5.3 l/100 km; CO2 emissions combined: 145 – 139 g/km*),
BMW 730d xDrive (fuel consumption combined: 5.7 – 5.5 l/100 km; CO2
emissions combined: 150 – 143 g/km*) and BMW 730Ld xDrive (fuel
consumption combined: 5.8 – 5.6 l/100 km; CO2 emissions combined: 153 –
147 g/km*) represents the first step on the diesel ladder for
the new BMW 7 Series.

ขั้นตอนการผลิต All-New 2019 BMW 3-Series Sedan (G20) production โฉมใหม่ล่าสุด (โดยละเอียด)

The BMW 3 Series Sedan represents the heartbeat of the BMW brand and the epitome of sporty driving pleasure in the premium midsize segment. The Mondial de l’Automobile 2018 is the venue for the world premiere of the seventh generation of the sports sedan. The new-edition 3 Series sees BMW building above all on the sporting tradition of the best-selling car. New powertrain technology and a body and chassis design geared squarely to maximising agility and dynamics create an ideal platform for an enthralling driving experience. The new BMW 3 Series Sedan comes as standard with a newly developed lift-related damper control system, which plays a significant role in giving the car its successful blend of sporting prowess and ride comfort. Options include an M Sport differential with electronically controlled locking function in the rear differential.

Precisely drawn lines and strikingly contoured surfaces mark out the exterior of the new BMW 3 Series Sedan, which showcases the brand’s new design language. The interior also has a clear, modern and sophisticated design.

Other features of the car that highlight its innovative character are BMW Operating System 7.0 and the BMW Intelligent Personal Assistant. Presented here for the first time, the Intelligent Personal Assistant responds to the prompt “Hey BMW”. The driver and passengers can speak with “him”, he is capable of learning and he gets better at his job all the time. The Intelligent Personal Assistant opens up a whole new avenue of interaction between the driver and car. It is a digital vehicle expert, knows the most important functions of the car and can explain them; if the driver wants to access navigation, office or entertainment functions, the BMW Intelligent Personal Assistant is there to help. One unique feature over other digital assistants is that drivers can give him a name, so they can activate him by saying “Hey Charlie”, for example, and therefore give him an even more defined personality. The Intelligent Personal Assistant awaits the driver’s every command and is always there to assist them. BMW is also taking a leading role in progress towards automated driving in the midsize class, thanks to a significantly extended range of driver assistance systems.

The latest results of BMW’s ongoing product offensive are taking centre stage at the brand’s Mondial de l’Automobile 2018 show stand in Paris. Emotion-packed design, pioneering technology and an even more richly engaging form of driving pleasure define the character of the new models BMW is presenting at the most important date on Europe’s 2018 car show calendar. The fresh arrivals introduce the brand’s new design language to a number of vehicle segments and represent significant advances in the areas of digitalisation, operation, sustainability and driving dynamics. For example, visitors to the Paris show will discover the first models to feature the new BMW Operating System 7.0, which creates a fully digital grouping of instrument cluster and Control Display and allows system operation to be adapted even more precisely to the driver’s personal preferences.

The BMW Group is set to revolutionise driving pleasure with the BMW Intelligent Personal Assistant. From March 2019, BMW drivers and passengers will be joined by an intelligent, digital character that responds to the prompt “Hey BMW”. This will mark the start of a new era for the BMW Group in which drivers will increasingly be able to operate their car and access its functions and information simply by speaking. Further innovations include BMW Laserlight and the Steering and lane control assistant, which are also available for other new models from the brand, plus the unique Reversing Assistant, which takes over steering for reversing manoeuvres in tight areas where visibility is restricted

The selection of series-production models due for market launch in the near future and innovative technology developments preparing to greet visitors to the Paris show from 4 – 14 October 2018 also reflect the rigorous implementation of NUMBER ONE - NEXT. The BMW Group’s corporate strategy spotlights development fields particularly relevant to the company’s future performance, i.e. design, automated driving, connectivity, electrification and services. The advances in these areas presented in Paris underscore the premium carmaker’s leading role in shaping the future of personal mobility. Also of key importance are BMW’s model offensive in the luxury segment (launched with the show premiere of the new BMW 8 Series Coupe), the continued expansion of the BMW X model family with the debut of the new BMW X5 and the addition of the new BMW M5 Competition (fuel consumption combined: 10.8 – 10.7 l/100 km (26.2 – 26.4 mpg imp); CO2 emissions combined: 246 – 243 g/km) to the BMW M GmbH line-up. The BMW Group’s leading role in premium-segment electric mobility is underscored most prominently in Paris by the presentation of the new generation of high-voltage batteries for the BMW i3 (fuel consumption combined: 0.0 l/100 km; electric power consumption combined: 13.1 – 13.0 kWh/100 km; CO2 emissions combined: 0 g/km) and BMW i3s (fuel consumption combined: 0.0 l/100 km; electric power consumption combined: 14.6 – 14.0 kWh/100 km; CO2 emissions combined: 0 g/km).