關於 best fit algorithm ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

ในวิชา "วิทยาการคำนวณ" ระดับชั้น ม. 5
ได้ดึงวิชา data science (วิทยาศาสตร์ข้อมูล)
มาปูพื้นฐานให้เด็กๆ ได้เรียนกันแล้ว นับว่าเป็นโชคดี
เพราะวิชาพวกนี้เป็นของสูง กว่าจะสัมผัสก็คงตอนป.ตรี โท เอก
...Continue ReadingIn the subject of ′′ Calculation Theology ′′ class. 5
Pulled data science (data science)
Let's master the foundation for kids to learn. It's considered lucky.
Because these subjects are high to touch. It's probably in the middle of the year. Tri To Aek

Which I will review the content to read roughly. The content is divided into 4 chapters.
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👉 ++++ Chapter 1-Information is valuable +++++
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Data science in the textbook. Used by Thai name as ′′ Information Science ′′
This chapter will mention Big Data or big data with lots of valuable information.
And so much role in this 4.0 s both public and private sector.
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If you can't imagine when you played Google search network, you'll find a lot of information that you can use in our business. This is why data science plays a very important role.
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It's not surprising that it makes the Data Scientist s' career (British name data scientist) play the most important role and charming and interesting profession of the 21th century.
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Data science, if in the book, he defines it
′′ Study of the process, method or technique to process enormous amounts of data to process to obtain knowledge, understand phenomena, or interpret prediction or prediction, find out patterns or trends from information.
and can be analysed to advise the right choice or take decision for maximum benefit
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For Data science work, he will have the following steps.
- Questioning my own interest.
- Collect information.
- Data Survey
- Data Analysis (analyze the data)
- Communication and Results Visualization (Communicate and visualize the results)
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🤔 Also he talks about design thinking... but what is it?
Must say the job of a data scientist
It doesn't end just taking the data we analyzed.
Let's show people how to understand.
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The application design process is still required.
To use data from our analytics
The word design thinking is the idea. The more good designer it is.
Which Data Scientists Should Have To Design Final Applications
Will meet user demand
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👉 ++++ Chapter 2 Collection and Exploration +++++
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This chapter is just going to base.
2.1 Collection of data
In this chapter, I will talk about information that is a virtual thing.
We need to use this internet.

2.2 Data preparation (data preparation)
Content will be available.
- Data Cleaning (data cleansing)
- Data Transformation (data transformation)
In the university. 5 is not much but if in college level, you will find advanced technique like PCA.
- Info Link (combining data)

2.3 Data Exploration (data exploration)
Speaking of using graphs, let's explore the information e
Histogram graph. Box plot diagram (box plot). Distributed diagram (scatter plot)
With an example of programming, pulls out the plot to graph from csv (or xls) file.

2.4 Personal Information
For this topic, if a data scientist is implementing personal data, it must be kept secret.
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Where the issues of personal information are now available. Personal Data Protection is Done
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👉 ++++ Chapter 3 Data Analysis ++++
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Divided into 2 parts:
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3.1 descriptive analysis (descriptive analytics)
Analyzing using the numbers we've studied since
- Proportion or percentage
- Medium measurement of data, average, popular base.
Correlation (Correlation) relationship with programming is easy.
.
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3.2 predictive analysis (predictive analytics)
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- numeric prediction is discussed. (numeric prediction)
- Speaking of technique linear regression, a straight line equation that will predict future information.
Including sum of squared errors
Let's see if the straight line graph is fit with the information. (with programming samples)
- Finally mentioned K-NN (K-Nearest Neighbors: K-NN) is the closest way to finding K-N-Neighborhood for classification (Category)

*** Note *****
linear regression กับ K-NN
This is also an algorithm. One of the machine learning (machine learning, one branch of AI)
Kids in the middle of the day, I get to study.
.
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👉 +++ Chapter 4 Making information pictured and communicating with information +++
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This chapter doesn't matter much. Think about the scientist after analyzing what data is done. The end is showing it to other people by doing data visualization. (Better summoning)
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In contents, it's for example using a stick chart, line chart, circular chart, distribution plan.
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The last thing I can't do is tell a story from information (data story telling) with a message. Be careful when you present information.
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*** this note ***
😗 Program language which textbooks mentioned and for example.
It's also python and R language
.
For R language, many people may not be familiar.
The IT graduate may be more familiar with Python.
But anyone from the record line will surely be familiar.
Because R language is very popular in statistical line
And it can be used in data science. Easy and popular. Python
.
But if people from data science move to another line of AI
It's deep learning (deep learning)
Python will be popular with eating.
.
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#########
😓 Ending. Even I wrote a review myself, I still feel that.
- The university. 5 is it going to be hard? Can a child imagine? What did she do?
- Or was it right that I packed this course into Big Data era?
You can comment.
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But for sure, both parents and teachers are tired.
Because it's a new content. It's real.
Keep fighting. Thai kids 4.0
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Note in the review section of the university's textbook. 4 There will be 3 chapters. Read at.
https://www.facebook.com/programmerthai/photos/a.1406027003020480/2403432436613260/?type=3&theater
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++++++++++++++++++++
Before leaving, let's ask for publicity.
++++++++++++++++++++
Recommend the book ′′ Artificial Intelligence (AI) is not difficult ′′
It can be understood by the number. End of book 1 (Thai language content)
Best seller ranked
In the MEB computer book category.
.
The contents will describe Artificial Intelligence (A) in view of the number. The end.
Without a code of dizzy
With colorful illustrations to see, easy to read.
.
If you are interested, you can order.
👉 https://www.mebmarket.com/web/index.php?action=BookDetails&data=YToyOntzOjc6InVzZXJfaWQiO3M6NzoiMTcyNTQ4MyI7czo3OiJib29rX2lkIjtzOjY6IjEwODI0NiI7fQ&fbclid=IwAR11zxJea0OnJy5tbfIlSxo4UQmsemh_8TuBF0ddjJQzzliMFFoFz1AtTo4
.
Personal like the book. You can see this link.
👉 https://www.dropbox.com/s/fg8l38hc0k9b0md/chapter_example.pdf?dl=0
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Sorry, paper book. I don't have it yet. Sorry.
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✍ Written by Thai programmer thai progammerTranslated

敗血性休克使用輸液急救的指引，很好用，一目瞭然。

PS：除了文謅謅的論文寫作之外，這種圖表式的流程圖最能表達理念及作法指引。
任何一篇實務性的長篇大論，若是無法以這種流程圖(Algorithm)來表達作者理念，就是有兩種原因，第一，作者本身還沒完全搞清楚他在寫些什麼；第二，就是這篇文章跟本沒有健全結構，無法呈現Algorithmm。

PS again, 有時候學生學習不佳，考試成績差，實務應用差，授課老師也是有責任的。

A users’ guide to the 2016 Surviving Sepsis Guidelines

Two aspects of the guidelines should be understood. We illuminate these two aspects through an analysis of the priority currently assigned to early identification and initial treatment of sepsis, including antibiotics and fluid therapy.

First, the recommendation for antibiotic administration within an hour of diagnosis of sepsis is a lofty goal of care, judged to be ideal for the patient but not yet standard care. Despite the best intentions of the healthcare team, antibiotic administration within 1 h from time of diagnosis may be difficult due to the complexity of the hospital environment and essential care being delivered to other patients during the same time period by the same healthcare practitioners and health system. This is one among several “aspirational recommendations” considered by the experts to represent best practice that individual practitioners and healthcare teams should strive to operationalize.

Second, the clinician may push back from use of recommendations for fear that evidence-based guidelines lead to “cookie cutter” medicine and reflexive behaviors that deemphasize the “art” of medicine. The recommendations are intended for a “typical” septic patient. Patients still benefit from the art of medicine, which includes interpretation of data and individualization of treatment. The recommendations provide much-needed general treatment guidance to the bedside decision maker who is busy, pressured to see more patients in less time, and who will use a distillation of the current literature into a coherent set of recommendations suitable for the large majority of septic patients who are “typical”. For most of us in the trenches of everyday care, the lists of specific recommendations (seen in the tables in the manuscript) are a welcome adjunct to personalizing care.

This guidance includes sepsis management in the emergency department, the general hospital floors, and the ICU. For example, the recommendation for an initial 30 mL/kg crystalloid infusion for tissue hypoperfusion is chosen as a one value fit for bedside guidance. Administering 30 mL/kg crystalloid is a useful initial therapy for the majority of patients and this literature supported fluid dose is linked to good outcomes [3, 4]. Figure 2 offers guidance for initial fluid resuscitation and is built forward from the guidelines recommendation for 30 mL/kg initial crystalloid fluid administration within the first six hours for sepsis-induced tissue hypoperfusion. The flow diagram incorporates some of our own opinions for successful fluid resuscitation based on experience and our understanding of the literature.

http://rdcu.be/oGqJ

[托福常見問題] 同學們知不知道ETS於4/23晚間(22:00~00:00)舉辦了第二場的英文日慶祝活動，並在Facebook上開放了一場全球性的線上聊天活動。任何有關於托福或是英文學習的相關問題都可以盡情提問，而ETS也在活動中相當即時地給予大家官方的回應喔~

Eric老師昨晚也幫同學發問了一些問題，在這邊將老師和ETS的談話內容提供給各位，同時老師針對ETS的回答也有一些評語，希望對大家有幫助。

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問題1. ETS has mentioned that the additional/experimental sets in the listening and reading sections do not count toward a student's score. However, are they used to "weigh" the difficulty of the sets? Students typically just memorize the answers to these so what is the purpose of having these sets? Can someone offer us a complete and direct explanation?

ETS之前有提過在考題中會有實驗性的聽力和閱讀類題組，而這些考題並不會被列入評分，然而，這些考題的存在是被設定來評估測驗的難易度嗎? 能不能夠藉此機會提供一些完整、直接的解釋呢?

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ETS的回覆1. The extra questions are used for two main reasons. First, they help with a process called equating, which helps make sure the scoring of the test is fair. Second, they are used to evaluate the questions for future tests.

實驗性題組的設計主要是有兩個目的: 第一，這些題組協助我們評估考試的難易度，這樣才能確保測驗的評分是公平的；第二，它們被用來評估哪一些考題適合出現在未來的考試。

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Comment: Some students feel that certain sets of reading are more difficult than others because they truly are. However, ETS will adjust the scoring according to the response. The problem is, some students memorize the answers while others do not, and this may skew the data in certain local regions.That is, the scores of these additional sets do not always reflect students’ true abilities, and this may affect the process of “equating” on a local scale. Since the equating algorithm is not available to the public, it is difficult to judge whether the additional sets serve their intended purposes.

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問題2. In the speaking section, students are able to hear the answers of others before they begin as they do not start their exams at the same time. Does this give some an unfair advantage? How does this affect the reliability of the test?

就口說測驗來說，今天如果考生沒有在同一個時間開始進行測驗的話，在過程中，時間的落差就會讓部分考生在進入測驗之前就先聽到其他考生的答案了。這種狀況可能會讓那些考生在應答之前就得到了一些不太公平的優勢，這是否多少會影響到考試的測驗信度 (test reliability)?

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ETS的回覆2. While there may be a bit of a time difference between the start times of the test sections, it would actually be a disadvantage for a test taker to try to repeat someone else's answer that they are hearing from another testing station, because it is highly unlikely that they could still speak naturally, and the rater would recognize this. Test takers should keep their noise-canceling headphones on and focus on their own test to do their best.

在考試過程中，也許有一些考生在各個部份的作答時間上有落差，但是對於一位考生而言，要在短時間內去重覆另外一位考生的答題內容，其實是蠻吃力的，甚至在答題的內容可能都沒辦法像原先那麼自然了。再者，針對那樣的答案，測驗的評核者也可以辨別得出來，所以，考生還是必須要讓自己全程好好戴著耳機，專注面對眼前的考題，盡全力應答。

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Comment: As we stated in class, students should rely on their abilities and not testing tricks to gain a high score. Listening to other students' responses may help a few but also hurt others. When students hear the response of another test taker, they essentially hear fragments of a complete answer. Attempts to replicate the response under great stress can be disastrous as students may not be able to support their replicated answer with ease.

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問題3. It is commonly believed that template answers for the independent writing task are sometimes accepted by graders. Can you give us some feedback on this issue? The provided rubrics do not clearly address the issue.

大部分的考生都還是相信針對獨立寫作的模板解答有時候還是會被ETS的評分員接受，能不能夠藉此機會針對這個議題提供一些看法?畢竟，在官方所提供的評分標準內容中並未清楚地解釋這個部份。

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ETS的回覆3.Raters are trained to recognize so-called template answers and score them accordingly, because template answers will not match the requirements in the rubrics.

ETS的評分人員有受過訓練，可以清楚辨別所謂的模板答案，從而進行評分，因為模板類型的答題方式其實並不符合ETS的作答要求。

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Comment: It is taught in our classes that long-winded templates will not be accepted by either our teachers or ETS graders. However, the general structure and organization of persuasive essays (e.g. the five-paragraph approach) can still be referred to, especially for beginning students. In fact, since elementary school, students in the US are groomed to use the five-paragraph approach to address most writing prompts. This standard approach is also taught by most undergraduate English composition courses in Taiwan as it is the backbone of academic English writing. Students are also often encouraged to use so-called academic words, phrases, and sentence patterns in their essays as long as they fit the context of the text. These lexical resources and syntactic patterns are accepted, and even welcomed, provided that they strengthen the coherence and cohesion of the essay and add new information to the text. Nevertheless, students should never write verbose "canned responses" as the lexical resources present in these answers are often unrelated to given prompts. It is also inadvisable to rely on just one writing approach (e.g. the five-paragraph method), as students may be unable to find enough supporting ideas (e.g. three reasons in a five-paragraph essay) in stressful timed exams.Test takers might also encounter argumentative, descriptive, or even compare and contrast questions, none of which mandate the use of a five-paragraph approach. Hence, it is the responsibility of the writer to learn a variety of approaches and use one that best supports his or her claims in the given time frame.

ETS Writing Rubrics: https://www.ets.org/s/toefl/pdf/toefl_writing_rubrics.pdf

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完整的Q&A: http://goo.gl/35tpLj