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「低碳」是這個時代最夯的字眼。
2015年「巴黎氣候峰會」完成了一份取代「京都議定書」（Kyoto Protocol）的歷史性文件-「巴黎協定」（Paris Agreement），打造低碳環境就成為世界各先進國家各同致力追求的政策目標。
因此，2015年底時我就先建置了嘉義的「低碳運具轉運中心」，規劃可租借7人座電動汽車、U-Car、電動機車及腳踏車，還可搭配「高鐵假期」平臺、配合易遊網套裝行程及縣府規劃的低碳輕旅遊遊程。當時我們特別規劃了嘉義縣專屬的低碳旅遊標章，象徵「綠意的背包客住在嘉義」，代表嘉義人主張空氣清淨的生活。
我一直深信，嘉義縣不僅要推觀光，而且是要推升級版的低碳觀光，可以讓環境無負擔的觀光。
巴黎氣候協議的啟示及巨大挑戰 (12/14/2015 經濟日報)
"..... 「巴黎協議」的通過，可說是歷史上的重要成就，也是人類為追求永續發展所邁出的重要一步。台灣是地球村的一分子，對執行全球協議、有效落實溫室氣體減量，有無可推卸的責任，也是下一任總統的重大挑戰。
但諷刺的是，國際組織德國看守協會8日在巴黎氣候峰會上發表2016年氣候變遷績效指標，台灣排名第52名，在58個評比國家間，排名倒數第十，不僅低於中國大陸等排碳大國，也遠低於印尼、印度、馬來西亞等發展中國家，顯示節能減碳迄今只是政府的口號而已。
過去八年，馬政府全副精神都放在核能發電上，對發展再生能源及「節能減碳」明顯未作足夠的努力。現在民進黨和國民黨兩組正副總統候選人皆將2025年達成「非核家園」作為政策主張，未來若要達成政府設定的溫室氣體減量目標，勢必大幅提高再生能源及節淨能源發電比重，同時也須大幅調整高耗能的產業結構，這是一項超高難度的改造工程。面對「巴黎協議」通過後的新情勢，如何完成這項艱鉅的挑戰，三組候選人都有必要負責任的提出明確政策主張，以供選民的檢驗。....."
經濟日報 經濟日報社論
在法國巴黎舉行的聯合國第21屆氣候變遷會議（COP 21），歷經14天馬拉松會議，終於在12日達成「巴黎協議」（Paris Agreement），將取代1997年通過的「京都議定書」（Kyoto Protocol），未來締約國將共同遏阻全球暖化危機，並致力改變幾個世紀以來由化石燃料推動的全球經濟型態。「巴黎協議」的通過，可說是歷史上的重要成就，也是人類為追求永續發展所邁出的重要一步。台灣是地球村的一分子，對執行全球協議、有效落實溫室氣體減量，有無可推卸的責任，也是下一任總統的重大挑戰。
聯合國氣候峰會在歷經多次挫敗後，這次巴黎峰會終能達成新的氣候協議，主因在各國皆強烈意識到氣候變遷對全球的巨大威脅，在追求國家最大利益的同時，也必須顧及國際社會的共同利益，因而與會各國皆願意作出妥協。而全世界排碳量最大、最關鍵的美國和中國達成協議，共同表態支持，以及這次峰會東道主法國的全力斡旋，更發揮了指標性作用及臨門一腳的功能。
為達成一致意見，「巴黎協議」充滿妥協色彩，在長期目標設定上，將確保在本世紀結束之前，全球均溫較工業革命啟動前上升不超過攝氏2度，惟亦宣示力爭不超過攝氏1.5度的更艱難目標，以讓瀕臨危機的島嶼國家訴求獲得尊重。
若和「京都議定書」比較，「巴黎協議」將減碳義務從已開發國家擴大到中國、印度等開發中國家，雖未訂定具約束力的減排目標，但超過180個國家已提出「國家自主減排貢獻」目標，並承諾追求經濟的「綠色成長」。為使自主減排不落於空談，未來簽署國每五年將對各國溫室氣體減排承諾執行狀況做一次檢討。
至於發展中國家堅持已開發國家應提供金援協助窮國減排和適應氣候變遷的訴求，因爭議很大，最後並未納入協議正文，但已開發國家國先前所承諾，至2020年前每年提供1,000億美元氣候金援，則放入附錄，以作為一種交代。
儘管「巴黎協議」妥協色彩濃厚，但它建立了一套解決全球氣候危機的長期架構，也訂定處理技術性問題的機制和運作規則；同時，該協議釋出強烈訊息，今後全球將從化石燃料推動的傳統經濟型態，走向再生及潔淨能源推動、低碳的新經濟模式，從而將催化大規模的新能源投資與技術創新，並引導全球企業界、投資者、科學家、工程師乃至勞工及普羅大眾，共同投入減碳及綠色經濟的發展，可以說人類正展開另一次的工業革命。
在全球邁向低碳經濟的大趨勢下，二氧化碳總排放量高居全球24名的台灣將面臨極為嚴苛的挑戰。為因應這次峰會，環保署於9月公布台灣自主減碳目標，預計2030年前溫室氣體排放量比現況減少50%；昨日環保署長魏國彥更表示，政府會馬上根據非核家園主張，明確訂定第一個五年、也就是2020年以前的減碳計畫。但諷刺的是，國際組織德國看守協會8日在巴黎氣候峰會上發表2016年氣候變遷績效指標，台灣排名第52名，在58個評比國家間，排名倒數第十，不僅低於中國大陸等排碳大國，也遠低於印尼、印度、馬來西亞等發展中國家，顯示節能減碳迄今只是政府的口號而已。
過去八年，馬政府全副精神都放在核能發電上，對發展再生能源及「節能減碳」明顯未作足夠的努力。現在民進黨和國民黨兩組正副總統候選人皆將2025年達成「非核家園」作為政策主張，未來若要達成政府設定的溫室氣體減量目標，勢必大幅提高再生能源及節淨能源發電比重，同時也須大幅調整高耗能的產業結構，這是一項超高難度的改造工程。面對「巴黎協議」通過後的新情勢，如何完成這項艱鉅的挑戰，三組候選人都有必要負責任的提出明確政策主張，以供選民的檢驗。
★★ 相關新聞報導：
法國政府最新研究報告指出 预計到2050年電力全部來自再生能源完全可行!!! （10/26/2015 外電綜合報導）
https://www.facebook.com/…/pcb.6984670636…/698467026955554/…
文章內容原始資料來源：
http://udn.com/…/sto…/7338/1375727-經濟%EF%BC%8F巴黎氣候協議的啟示及巨大挑戰
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The UN climate change talks in Paris (the 21st Conference of the Parties, or COP 21) ended successfully yesterday. The Paris Agreement is a historic deal, decades in the making. More than 190 countries have agreed to work together to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and limit global warming.
My thanks to Minister Vivian Balakrishnan (who saw this through previously as Environment Minister, and now Foreign Minister), our officers across many ministries and agencies for their hard work and close teamwork, and groups and individuals in Singapore who have given their support to this important issue.
Each of us must play our part, to make personal choices that protect the environment. Reduce, Recycle, Reuse. Let us work together to ensure the future of our planet for our children and generations to come. – LHL
#COP21
#ParisAgreement
Very happy that we have successfully clinched the Paris Agreement. Our long negotiations that took many days and nights over many years have finally borne fruit!
Singapore supports the agreement. What all Parties have achieved is a historic, global agreement which strikes the right balance between developed and developing Parties, the right balance between mitigation and adaptation, and the right balance between means of implementation and ambition. And as a result, the world is placed on a better trajectory to deal with the challenges of climate change, which affects all of us.
You can read my statement at the Committee of Paris to welcome the Paris Agreement below. You can also find the full Paris Agreement at this URL: unfccc.int/negotiation_updates
#COP21 #UNFCCC #ClimateChange #ParisAgreement
===
President of COP, Minister Laurent Fabius
Executive Secretary Christiana Figueres
Thank you, France.
The Republic of Singapore – we are a tiny island, one degree north of the equator, one quarter of our land is reclaimed from the sea. So on behalf of my people, we express our deepest appreciation for your outstanding efforts at arriving at this historic Paris Agreement. And needless to say, we fully support this historic agreement.
Many of you have said that this is not a perfect agreement. But Voltaire – a French Enlightenment philosopher – was supposed to have quoted a wise Italian who said that “Perfect is the enemy of Good’. And so we don’t have a perfect agreement but we have a good and necessary agreement. This historic agreement sets us on a collective journey for climate safety.
We do not live in a perfect world. If this was a perfect world, the problem would have been solved many decades ago. The Kyoto Protocol was paved with good intentions, and high ambition and it was legally binding, but yet it was also fatally flawed because of the lack of universal participation.
This is why Singapore has always emphasised the need for a comprehensive, rules-based, legally binding agreement applicable to all. Without universal participation, we will fail the future generations.
But the key hurdle has always been differentiation. The challenge has always been how to create a fair system – a fair system that recognises the inequalities of the past, the diversity of the present, and the uncertainties of the future. In particular, the developed countries with historical responsibilities have to be seen to be fulfilling their prior commitments and to continue to take the lead. Without this reassurance, there would have been insufficient strategic trust for the rest of the world, the developing country Parties, to raise our ambition at great cost to ourselves.
At its core, differentiation is really about fairness. We all want to be treated fairly, but sometimes the perception of fairness is subjective. Hence there needs to be reassurance to all Parties that this agreement accounts for the past and looks towards the future. A fair deal that recognises the great diversity of our respective national circumstances. Developed countries have argued that we need to be focused on the present and the future. We agree. But developing countries also point out that the present is a function of the past and that the future is not a given.
I believe the current agreement strikes the right balance between the developed countries and the developing Parties, the right balance between mitigation and adaptation, the right balance between means of implementation and ambition.
The second core issue that Singapore focussed on was transparency. Our Chief Negotiator Mr Kwok Fook Seng exercised great effort and imagination to help refine the text for Article 13. We need transparency in order for us to build mutual trust and confidence within the structure of this agreement. Good transparency rules hold us accountable to each other. It helps demonstrate that we will do what we say.
But there is actually another more important reason for transparency. And that is that our own citizens demand that. We need to account to our own citizens back home. They want to see that we are going to do everything it takes to deal with the challenge of climate change. And transparency keeps us accountable not just to each other as Parties but to our own people whom we represent here, and it helps us to collectively move forward with confidence.
Finally, as a member of AOSIS, let me express our appreciation to all the Parties for taking into account the special circumstances of the most vulnerable low-lying island states. The commitment to hold the ‘increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 ºC’ and to ‘pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 ºC’ will give us, all the islands, some reassurance. My brothers and sisters in AOSIS will also appreciate the mechanism for ‘loss and damage’.
Mr President, on behalf of all the citizens of Singapore, it is my honour to thank you. It is not often in the lives of politicians, diplomats or [members of] civil society to be present at the genesis of a major earth-changing moment, and we have been blessed to be here, in Paris on the 12th of December 2015.
Thank you all very much.
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