關於 national archives museum ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

國立故宮博物院自110年5月15日起北部院區全面閉館（含博物館園區等公共空間），並暫停北部院區所有對外活動。後續恢復開館日，將視疫情程度調整。
National Palace Museum Northern Branch is closed. 　The reopening date will be announced according to the epidemic situation.

請大家嚴守防疫指引。🙂
向您介紹本院典藏<起居注冊>，一種類似日記體的史料、活動足跡。👣

🤵
清　西元1644-1911
不著撰人
起居注冊
黃綾本　縱：29.5公分　橫：18.2公分

起居注官記載帝王言行的檔冊，叫做起居注冊，是一種類似日記體的史料。其體例起源很早，周代已設左史、右史之職，漢武帝有禁中起居注，唐代有創業起居注。

清康熙十年（1671）在太和門西廊設起居注館，起居注官以日講官兼攝，屬翰林院。本院典藏清代歷朝起居注冊，包含滿文本與漢文本兩種。康熙朝每月一冊，全年共十二冊，閏月增一冊，雍正朝以降，每月增為二冊，全年共二十四冊，閏月增二冊。

凡逢朝會、御門聽政、有事郊廟、外藩入朝、大閱校射、勾決重囚，起居注官都分日侍直。凡謁陵、校獵、駐蹕、巡狩，起居注官都須扈從。

記注體例，先載起居，次載諭旨，其次載題奏事件，再次記載官員引見。起居注中還有內記注一種，所載為皇帝御殿、詣宮、請安、賜宴、進膳、赴園、巡幸、拈香、駐蹕、行圍、觀看燈火等活動。起居注冊記載的範圍極為廣泛，內容也很詳盡，可補其他官書的不足，探討清代史實，起居注冊提供了許多珍貴的直接史料。👸

更多資訊：
https://theme.npm.edu.tw/selection/Article.aspx?sNo=04001047

Qing dynasty (1644-1911) AD1644-1911
Anonymous
Archives of the Diary-keeper
Yellow-silk edition
29.5 x 18.2 cm

The "Ch'i-chu chu" (Diary-keeper) was the title of an official in imperial China whose duty was to record the daily actions and sayings of the emperor into what was known as the "Archives of the Diary-keeper." As the name suggests, this type of historical information was similar to a diary in form. This system has ancient origins in China, extending as far as the Zhou dynasty (ca. 1100-256 BC) and being referred to in the Han (207 BC-AD 220) and Tang (618-907) dynasties.

In 1671, during the Qing dynasty, the Kangxi Emperor established the Hall of the Diary-keeper. The duties of the Diary-keeper were combined with those of the official who took down the sayings of the emperor, belonging to the Hanlin Academy. The National Palace Museum has a complete archive of the "Ch'i-chu chu" of the Qing dynasty, including both Manchu and Chinese editions. Under the Kangxi Emperor (r. 1662-1722), one volume was compiled for every month. Starting with the Yongzheng Emperor (r. 1723-1735), the number was expanded to two volumes per month.

The Diary-keeper recorded all types of formal events and activities under daily headings. Consequently, wherever the emperor went, such as on trips, the Diary-keeper followed. The archive entries first record actions, followed by imperial decrees, events presented to the throne, and then officials seen.

The archives of the Diary-keeper also contain informal notes recording various activities and events attended by the emperor. Thus, the range of items in the archives is extremely varied and the contents very specific, making them an important source of direct historical material for filling in the details not found in other official documents and archives.👍

More information:
https://theme.npm.edu.tw/selection/Article.aspx?sNo=04001047&lang=2

#故宮典藏精選_文獻
#NPM_Selections_Documents
#疫情警戒第三級

- Luyện đọc đầu ngày: ALEXANDER HENDERSON (1831-1913)

Born in Scotland, Henderson emigrated to Canada in 1855 and became a well-known landscape photographer.

Alexander Henderson was born in Scotland in 1831 and was the son of a successful merchant. His grandfather, also called Alexander, had founded the family business, and later became the first chairman of the National Bank of Scotland. The family had extensive landholdings in Scotland. Besides its residence in Edinburgh, it owned Press Estate, 650 acres of farmland about 35 miles southeast of the city. The family often stayed at Press Castle, the large mansion on the northern edge of the property, and Alexander spent much of his childhood in the area, playing on the beach near Eyemouth or fishing in the streams nearby.

Even after he went to school at Murcheston Academy on the outskirts of Edinburgh, Henderson returned to Press at weekends. In 1849 he began a three-year apprenticeship to become an accountant. Although he never liked the prospect of a business career, he stayed with it to please his family. In October 1855, however, he emigrated to Canada with his wife Agnes Elder Robertson and they settled in Montreal.

Henderson learned photography in Montreal around the year 1857 and quickly took it up as a serious amateur. He became a personal friend and colleague of the Scottish-Canadian photographer William Notman. The two men made a photographic excursion to Niagara Falls in 1860 and they cooperated on experiments with magnesium flares as a source of artificial light in 1865. They belonged to the same societies and were among the founding members of the Art Association of Montreal. Henderson acted as chairman of the association's first meeting, which was held in Notman's studio on 11 January 1860.

In spite of their friendship, their styles of photography were quite different. While Notman's landscapes were noted for their bold realism, Henderson for the first 20 years of his career produced romantic images, showing the strong influence of the British landscape tradition. His artistic and technical progress was rapid and in 1865 he published his first major collection of landscape photographs. The publication had limited circulation (only seven copies have ever been found), and was called Canadian Views and Studies. The contents of each copy vary significantly and have proved a useful source for evaluating Henderson's early work.
In 1866, he gave up his business to open a photographic studio, advertising himself as a portrait and landscape photographer. From about 1870 he dropped portraiture to specialize in landscape photography and other views. His numerous photographs of city life revealed in street scenes, houses, and markets are alive with human activity, and although his favourite subject was landscape he usually composed his scenes around such human pursuits as farming the land, cutting ice on a river, or sailing down a woodland stream. There was sufficient demand for these types of scenes and others he took depicting the lumber trade, steamboats and waterfalls to enable him to make a living. There was little competing hobby or amateur photography before the late 1880s because of the time-consuming techniques involved and the weight of the equipment. People wanted to buy photographs as souvenirs of a trip or as gifts, and catering to this market, Henderson had stock photographs on display at his studio for mounting, framing, or inclusion in albums.

Henderson frequently exhibited his photographs in Montreal and abroad, in London, Edinburgh, Dublin, Paris, New York, and Philadelphia. He met with greater success in 1877 and 1878 in New York when he won first prizes in the exhibition held by E and HT Anthony and Company for landscapes using the Lambertype process. In 1878 his work won second prize at the world exhibition in Paris.

In the 1870s and 1880s Henderson travelled widely throughout Quebec and Ontario, in Canada, documenting the major cities of the two provinces and many of the villages in Quebec. He was especially fond of the wilderness and often travelled by canoe on the Blanche, du Lievre, and other noted eastern rivers. He went on several occasions to the Maritimes and in 1872 he sailed by yacht along the lower north shore of the St Lawrence River. That same year, while in the lower St Lawrence River region, he took some photographs of the construction of the Intercolonial Railway. This undertaking led in 1875 to a commission from the railway to record the principal structures along the almost-completed line connecting Montreal to Halifax. Commissions from other railways followed. In 1876 he photographed bridges on the Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa and Occidental Railway between Montreal and Ottawa. In 1885 he went west along the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) as far as Rogers Pass in British Columbia, where he took photographs of the mountains and the progress of construction.

In 1892 Henderson accepted a full-time position with the CPR as manager of a photographic department which he was to set up and administer. His duties included spending four months in the field each year. That summer he made his second trip west, photographing extensively along the railway line as far as Victoria. He continued in this post until 1897, when he retired completely from photography.

When Henderson died in 1913, his huge collection of glass negatives was stored in the basement of his house. Today collections of his work are held at the National Archives of Canada, Ottawa, and the McCord Museum of Canadian History, Montreal.

Extensive (adj): rộng
Outskirts (n): ngoại ô
Apprenticeship (n): thời gian học nghề
Excursion (n): chuyến du ngoạn
Artificial (adj): nhân tạo
Influence (n) /ˈɪnfluəns/ : sự ảnh hưởng
Artistic (adj) /ɑːˈtɪstɪk/ : đẹp
Rapid (adj) /ˈræpɪd/ : nhanh chóng
Significantly (adv) /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/ : đáng kể
Specialize in (v) /ˈspeʃəlaɪz//ɪn/ : chuyên
Numerous (adj)/ˈnjuːmərəs/ : nhiều
Sufficient (adj) /səˈfɪʃnt/ : đủ
Demand (n)/dɪˈmɑːnd/ : nhu cầu
Exhibition (n) /ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn/: triển lãm
Wilderness (n) /ˈwɪldənəs/ : vùng hoang vu
Commission (n) /kəˈmɪʃn/ : nhiệm vụ
Administer (v) /ədˈmɪnɪstə(r)/: điều hành
Huge (adj) /hjuːdʒ/ : to lớn

Các bạn cùng tham khảo bài đọc này nhé! Trích từ Cambridge IELTS14 - giải chi tiết, có ai chưa có bản này không?

最受歡迎的「清明上河圖」也在 #GoogleArtsandCulture 了
讓我們一起穿梭到昔日的運河旁一探究竟！ 💞
〈#清明上河圖〉線上特展！@ Google Art
https://artsandculture.google.com/story/0QWhzQfxb5Yo4Q
自宋代（10~13世紀）開始〈清明上河圖〉便是歷代畫家喜歡仿效的經典題材。因此以〈清明上河圖〉為題的版本非常豐富。而國立故宮博物院典藏的〈清院本清明上河圖〉更是這個題材的高峰之作！
除了清院本，這次線上特展更收納了故宮其他以〈清明上河圖〉為題的豐富典藏品呦！
邀請您一同欣賞故宮與 Google Arts and Culture 合作的「院藏清明上河圖」線上展覽，

更多線上展覽在Google Arts and Culture：
https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/national-palace-museum-taiwan

อ้างอิง

- Brasseur, L. (2005). Florence Nightingale’s Visual Rhetoric in the Rose Diagrams. Technical Communication Quarterly, 14(2), 161–182. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15427625tcq1402_3

- Crimean War. (n.d.). National Army Museum. https://www.nam.ac.uk/explore/crimean-war

- Eight little-known facts about Florence Nightingale. (n.d.). The History Press. https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/articles/eight-little-known-facts-about-florence-nightingale/

- Fletcher, Z. B. (2020, May 12). Florence Nightingale: Crimean War Heroine. HistoryNet. https://www.historynet.com/florence-nightingale-crimean-war-heroine.htm

- Florence Nightingale. (n.d.). Florence Nightingale Museum London. https://www.florence-nightingale.co.uk/florence-nightingale-biography/

- Nightingale Ward Concept. (2011, May 14). Health Architecture. http://healtharchitecture.wikifoundry.com/page/Nightingale+Ward+Concept%3A

- Selanders, L. (n.d.). Florence Nightingale | Biography & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Florence-Nightingale

- Showalter, E. (1981). Florence Nightingale’s Feminist Complaint: Women, Religion, and “Suggestions for Thought.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 6(3), 395–412. https://doi.org/10.1086/493814

- The National Archives. (2021, March 25). Florence Nightingale. https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/florence-nightingale/

- - - - - - - - - - - - -
ติดต่องาน : [email protected] (งานเท่านั้น)

ทางไปซื้อสติกเกอร์ line http://line.me/S/sticker/1193089 และ https://line.me/S/sticker/1530409

ทางไปซื้อ วรรณคดีไทยไดเจสต์ https://godaypoets.com/product/thaidigest-limited-edition/

ติดตามคลิปอื่นๆ ที่ http://www.youtube.com/c/PointofView

ติดตามผลงานอื่นๆได้ที่

https://www.facebook.com/pointoofview/

tiktok @pointoofview

หรือ

IG Point_of_view_th

#PointofView

ฟลอเรนซ์ ไนติงเกล
00:00 ทำไมเล่า
00:51 ประวัติ
04:26 ผลงาน
11:39 พูดคุย