關於 new religious movements ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

二十一年前，也就是 2000 年，我發表了一篇關於“西歐的道德恐慌和反邪教恐怖主義”的文章。標題是挑釁，我知道會有反應，更是如此，因為這篇文章發表在最權威的恐怖主義學術期刊上，叫做恐怖主義和政治暴力. 我們正處於所謂的“邪教戰爭”之中，一方面，一些政府，特別是法國，正在打擊被貼上“邪教”標籤的團體，與支持這些措施的人之間發生了一場非常激烈的爭論，另一方面，新宗教運動的學者批評他們，聲稱好的“宗教”和壞的“邪教”之間的區別沒有意義。反對者只是將他們不喜歡的任何團體稱為“邪教”。
Twenty-one years ago, in the year 2000, I published an article on “Moral Panics and Anti-Cult Terrorism in Western Europe.” The title was a provocation, and I knew there would be reactions, the more so because the article was published in the most authoritative scholarly journal on terrorism, called Terrorism and Political Violence. We were in the middle of the so-called “cult wars,” a very strong controversy between, on one side, some governments, particularly France, that were cracking down on groups labeled as “cults,” and those who supported these measures, and on the other side scholars of new religious movements who criticized them, and claimed that the distinction between good “religions” and bad “cults” did not make sense. Opponents were simply calling a “cult” any group they did not like.

　
Targeting Tai Ji Men: Why It Is “Violence Based on Belief”
針對太極門：為什麼是“基於信仰的暴力”
https://bitterwinter.org/targeting-tai-ji-men-why-it-is-violence-based-on-belief/

臺灣的戒嚴時期，還是在1996年政府決定鎮壓幾個團體的時候，還是在中國大陸，當局不認可的宗教和心靈團體都被貼上了 #邪教 的標籤。這個說法在英文中常被翻譯成 “cult(異端的宗教信仰或崇拜)”，或 “xie jiao(邪教)”，但翻譯並不準確，而且有些不合時宜。
　　　
There is, however, another possibility. Both in Taiwan, during the Martial Law period and when the government decided to crack down on several groups in 1996, and in Mainland China, religious and spiritual movements the authorities do not approve of are labeled xie jiao. The expression is often translated in English as “cults,” or “evil cults,” but the translation is not precise and somewhat anachronistic.
　
倫敦大學研究員吳俊卿發表了多篇關於邪教概念歷史的研究，包括《曼達林與異端》（Leiden：Brill，2017）一書。其他學者將邪教作為一個政治和法律範疇可以追溯到明代，而吳曉波則表明，它最早出現在 #唐代 要求消滅佛教的傅毅（554-639）的著作中，具有 “異教 “的含義。此後的宋（960-1279年）、元（1279-1368年）兩朝，則以「白蓮教」為 #共同標籤，呼籲消滅被禁止的新宗教運動。到了明朝（1368-1644年），邪教成為一個法律概念，並開始編制邪教名單，清朝（1644-1912年）、民國、共產黨都延續了這一做法，也影響了臺灣。
　　
Wu Junqing, a research fellow at London University, has published several studies on the history of the notion of xie jiao, including the book Mandarins and Heretics (Leiden: Brill, 2017). While other scholars date the introduction of xie jiao as a political and legal category to the Ming era, Wu shows that it first appeared, with the meaning of “heterodox teachings,” in the writings of Fu Yi (554–639), who called for the eradication of Buddhism during the Tang dynasty. In the subsequent Song (960–1279) and Yuan (1279–1368) dynasties, xie jiao was used to call for the destruction of new religious movements banned under the common label of “White Lotus.” With the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), xie jiao became a legal concept, and lists of xie jiao started being compiled, a practice continued by the Qing dynasty (1644–1912), Republican, and Communist China, and which also influenced Taiwan.
　　　　　
https://act1219.org/raising-goblins-a-bizarre-accusation-against-asian-spiritual-minorities/

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From anti-extradition law to anti-national security law, more than thousands of Hongkongers took to streets to protest against this highly controversial law since the new law will kill future democratic movements, and murder any slight chance to seeking justice in the city.

The law is fiercely imposed by Beijing upon the will of Hongkongers, without legislative scrutiny and public consultation. Even although tens of thousands of HKers showed their outcry against this draconian law, hkpolice crushed dissents with armed vehicles, water cannons, teargas and pepper balls.

For most people, the proposed national security agency is like the secretpolice branch in HK. The biggest concern is the arbitrary and politically driven interpretation of the law. When using the law in China, lawyers, journalists, NGOs, religious groups and citizens were accused of “inciting subversion” for just seeking justice for poisoned children in tainted-milk scandal.

Not to mention that expats will also suffer, especially when China is carrying out WolfWarrior diplomacy worldwide. In fact, two Canadians became the victims of hostage diplomacy as retaliation against the arrest of Huawei's Meng in Canada. Foreign reporters were denied entry for political reasons. The law poses a threat to all expats and travellers in this global financial centre.

Today’s protest is the prelude to a larger scale of protest before the announcement of the law. It is time for Hongkongers to fight back and safeguard our city. I call upon the world to standwithhk and oppose the passing of national security law.