✏️ [IELTS WRITING TASK 2] Về việc sử dụng phrasal verbs trong Writing
Chào các bạn, mình có để ý thấy nhiều bạn hỏi về kĩ năng writing mà mình mải mê chia sẻ về Speaking trong thời gian qua, nên hôm nay viết một bài nho nhỏ về Writing.
Mình tin rằng có nhiều bạn suy nghĩ rằng phrasal verbs được xem là không trịnh trọng (informal) và vì thế không phù hợp với văn viết. Tuy nhiên, không phải tất cả các phrasal verbs đều informal nha các bạn. Bài viết này mình có tham khảo từ cô Liz Walter (thành viên nhóm biên soạn từ điển Cambridge). Các bạn có thể xem bài của cô ở đây: http://bit.ly/phrasalverbs-lizwalter . Theo cô LW, các cụm phrasal verbs sau là hoàn toàn phù hợp với văn cảnh trịnh trọng, nên các bạn cứ dùng thoải mái trong các bài viết học thuật ở bậc đại học, hoặc khi viết IELTS essays. Ngoài ra, các bạn cũng có nên cân nhắc dùng các cụm này trong Speaking part 3 nếu được (vì phần này đòi hỏi câu cú mình trịnh trọng hơn tí).
👑 Dưới đây mình liệt kê các cụm phrasal verbs và câu ví dụ + dịch nghĩa cho các bạn dễ theo dõi. Đây là một số ví dụ điển hình về formal phrasal verbs:
1. carry out: thực hiện
- Scientists have carried out experiments/tests/research on … (thực hiện các thí nghiệm/kiểm tra/nghiên cứu về …)
- We have carried out a thorough review of … (thực hiện một đánh giá kỹ lưỡng về …)
2. subscribe to the notion/idea/belief that…: ủng hộ quan điểm…
- I do not subscribe to the notion that women should be responsible for doing household chores. (làm việc nhà)
- Frank subscribed firmly to the belief that human kindness would overcome evil.
3. attribute to / ascribe to: gán cho / quy kết cho (dùng để giới thiệu nguyên nhân)
- He attributed his success to his mother’s support. (active voice)
- His success could be attributed to his mother’s support. (passive voice)
- The low survival rates are mainly ascribed to the fact that pancreatic cancer is rarely diagnosed at an early stage.
(Tỷ lệ sống sót thấp chủ yếu được gán cho một thực tế là ung thư tuyến tụy hiếm khi được chẩn đoán sớm.)
4. account for: giải thích cho
- Unusually cold weather accounted for the rise in fuel use.
- The differences in achievement between the pupils are partly accounted for by differences in age.
(sự khác biệt về thành tựu của học sinh có thể được giải thích bằng sự khác nhau về độ tuổi)
5. bring about: gây ra
- What brought about the change in his attitude?
- There are some environmental problems brought about by human activities.
6. come about: xảy ra ( = happen)
- The discovery came about by chance. (by chance = tình cờ)
- No one was sure how the problem came about.
7. be based on: dựa trên
- The latest policies are based on the results of extensive research.
- Her books are often based on folklore and fairy-tales.
8. allude to: ám chỉ
- Her letters allude to the fact that …
- The problem had been alluded to briefly in earlier discussions.
9. frown upon: không ủng hộ / tán thành
- Smoking is usually frowned upon in public places.
10. dispense with: dừng sử dụng/vứt bỏ cái gì (vì không còn sử dụng được)
- Debit cards dispensed with the need for cash altogether. (ở đây dịch là: Thẻ debit đã làm cho việc dùng tiền mặt trở nên không cần thiết nữa - để ý cụm “dispense with the need for something = make something become unnecessary)
- They had to dispense with a lot of luxuries since Mike lost his job.
11. phase something in: dần dần áp dụng một chương trình / chính sách (áp dụng theo từng giai đoạn một)
- They will phase the new healthcare system in over a period of five years.
- The new tax will be phased in over two years.
12. phase something out: ngừng sử dụng một cái gì đó dần dần (trái nghĩa với “phase something in”)
- Germany has decided to phase out nuclear power.
- As the phaseout of incandescent bulbs takes effect, more efficient substitutes are coming to market.
(dùng phaseout dưới dạng danh từ)
>>> Dùng phase in và phase out để giới thiệu việc áp dụng hoặc hủy bỏ một chính sách nào đó trong IELTS thì hơi ngầu đấy các bạn ạ, thay vì chỉ dùng “introduce a new policy”.
🎓 Ngoài ra còn một số cụm dưới đây mình nghĩ phù hợp hơn với văn học thuật ở bậc đại học hơn:
1. The essay focuses on Mahler’s early life and expands on/builds on previous work by … (tập focus on: trung vào; expand on: mở rộng; build on: dựa vào/xây dựng trên những nghiên cứu trước đó)
2. This report consists of three main parts. (bao gồm)
3. The final section is devoted to a discussion of … (phần cuối bài sẽ dành để thào luận về vấn đề…)
4. Their team arrived at the same conclusions. (đi đến cùng kết luận)
5. As Brown points out … (chỉ ra rằng)
6. Smith puts forward the theory that … (đưa ra giả thuyết rằng)
7. All the evidence points towards human error. (tất cả bằng chứng đều quy về lỗi con người)
😊 Mong rằng bài viết này có thể giải ngố cho các bạn về việc sử dụng phrasal verbs trong writing. Giờ thì yên tâm rồi nhé!
So to sum up, don’t rule out phrasal verbs in formal writing, as there are many which can contribute to an authoritative style and result in admiration from your readers! (có 4 phrasal verbs trong câu này, các bạn nhìn ra chứ?)
Có câu nào dịch không tốt các bạn giúp mình gợi ý cách dịch ra tiếng việt nha, vì tv của mình ẹ lắm 😩
Cheers
Dat
► Các bạn có thể xem các clip khác trên kênh YouTube của mình ở đây nhé: http://bit.ly/ieltswithdatio
► Tham gia group tự học IELTS của mình: http://bit.ly/thaydatielts
► Các bạn có thể tham khảo thông tin khoá học IELTS tháng 1/2018 (tại TP.HCM) của mình tại đây: http://bit.ly/2HyctWT
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voice of cards review 在 Lok Cheung Youtube 的最佳解答
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voice of cards review 在 Brenda Tan Youtube 的最佳貼文
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voice of cards review 在 DaintyDashBeauty Youtube 的最佳解答
My version of Instagram Baddie Look with Gold Glitter Tears! Hope you enjoyed the video and i was unable to do the voice over cause i'm still quite sick so sorry about that! Also check the other amazing girls channel and don't forget to follow me on my Instagram @daintydashbeauty and Subscribe if you haven't already! Special thanks to @malaysianbeautycommunity for making the collaboration happen. ** Don't forget to vote at the poll created in the cards (i) whether you like Talk Through/ Voice Over/ Subtitles. THANK YOU!!
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