#promo
【#科學腦洞時間】這邊一個洞、那邊一個洞,早上從市場買的小白菜上,布滿蟲啃的洞洞,是要怎麼吃啦!還有,光是想到一堆蚜蟲爬在葉子上的畫面,我的密集恐懼症就警鈴大作,全身直打哆嗦......
這些討厭的小東西,如果從整個地球上消失了,不知道該有多好?
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🌿要說到害蟲不見的好處,就要從害蟲帶來多大的影響說起。
近年最鼎鼎大名的害蟲可能是荔枝椿象與秋行軍蟲,除了影響收成,牠們還會讓作物長不出來,擴大農損程度。惡名昭彰的秋行軍蟲不光是造成作物明顯的蟲蛀,更驚人的是,每年對臺灣造成的損失,估計可高達35億元!
遇到這樣的蟲害,慣行農法時常會噴灑化學農藥,避免作物受到嚴重的損害。否則,被摧殘過的農產品滿目瘡痍,不但沒有賣相,更是連重量都不知道損了幾斤幾兩。
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🌿那麼,漂漂亮亮的蔬果就一定用了很多農藥嗎?其實不然!蔬果的外觀與噴灑農藥量的多寡,並沒有一定的關係。
真要說起來,最重要的因素,應該是農民栽種時,所投注的時間、心力與栽培技術。所以,即便是有機農業的栽種方式,一樣能夠生產出水噹噹、又大又多汁的各式農產品!
根據有機農業促進法的定義,有機農業是基於生態平衡及養分循環原理,不施用化學肥料及化學農藥,不使用基因改造生物及其產品,進行農作、森林、水產、畜牧等農產品生產之農業。
因此,有機農產品、有機農法的重點會聚焦在友善生態、減低環境污染量。除了一般大家認知中,無使用化學農藥的印象之外,達到環境永續經營,才是有機農業追求的願景跟目標!
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🌿說了這麼多,沒有蟲害的世界,聽起來真的是超棒 der
如果所有作物都沒有蟲害,農藥就沒有存在的必要,農產量也會大大提高,實在是一舉兩得。
其實不是這樣子的,假設農田中所有吃植物的昆蟲都消失了,那麼生態系當中的高級消費者,也會因為糧食短缺而消失;一旦食物網斷裂、失去平衡,往往會造成嚴重的後果,生態系塌陷所造成的負面衝擊,絕不亞於氣候變遷的影響!
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🌿那麼有沒有辦法在保護生態系的前提下,既不使用化學農藥,又能讓農作物健健康康、平平安安的長大呢?
有的,有機農業中的「生物防治」正是一種常見的法寶!
舉凡寄生荔枝椿象的平腹小蜂、吃蟎又吃蚜蟲的草蛉,都可以有效利用生物的食性,控制田間的蟲蟲危機,達到友善環境又收成農作,兩全其美的結果。
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🌿雖然病蟲害與農民間的爭鬥是沒有止盡的,但下次看到漂漂亮亮的有機蔬果時,都別忘記,這可是有機農民用無數的汗水跟心血耕耘來的呢!
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本內容由國立中興大學 有機農業推動中心委託,泛科學企畫執行。
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參考資料:
有機及友善蔬菜栽培病蟲害防治
https://www.afa.gov.tw/cht/index.php?act=download&ids=101466
生物農藥在有機農業上的應用方法
https://reurl.cc/noAr8l
有機五大迷思 你中了幾個?
https://www.foodnext.net/issue/paper/4593773776
台灣有機農業的內涵與發展願景
https://reurl.cc/vqAMny
平面文宣(秋行軍蟲專區)
https://faw.baphiq.gov.tw/ws.php?id=18971
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延伸閱讀:
2021有機農業促進論壇「就是韌性-有機農業對水逆境的調適力」
https://lihi1.cc/mEgDT
今年最火紅的昆蟲議題:台灣準備好阻止秋行軍蟲的奇幻旅程了嗎?
https://pansci.asia/archives/166990
過了這次乾旱還有下次!臺灣不容樂觀的水資源困境──專訪許晃雄
https://pansci.asia/archives/325424
氣候韌性定義 在 Facebook 的最佳解答
⭐️陳建仁、施振榮出任「堅韌社會再造委員會」國際委員!一通關鍵電話促台灣加入新國際組織 倡議疫苗分配應更普及
今周刊 林信男 2021-06-21 17:00
新冠肺炎疫情肆虐全球,台灣卻因被排除在世界衛生組織(WHO)之外,不僅無法獲得國際防疫第一手資訊,在疫苗等醫療資源的分配、取得上,也失去發聲機會。
不過,面對新冠肺炎,WHO無論是疫情判斷或疫苗分配,都遭到外界詬病,亦凸顯出WHO這類國際組職,在因應全球性傳染病時,已略顯吃力。
在此同時,各國也開始思考,如何對既有國際組織的功能,進行補強,讓世界更具韌性,有能力防堵、應對包括大規模流行病在內的各式全球危機。
有鑑於此,自去年起,前英國首相布萊爾(Tony Blair)便積極奔走,籌辦國際組織「堅韌社會再造委員會」(Reform for Resilience Commission,官方縮寫為R4RX),並於7大工業國組織(G7)高峰會前夕,透過該委員會,發表2021年中報告,呼籲G7應針對疫苗製造與配送,推動國際社會緊急合作,以加速全球疫苗接種。
R4RX全球共有4個中心 亞太中心就在台北
值得注意的是,「堅韌社會再造委員會」的15名國際委員中,有2人來自台灣,分別為前副總統陳建仁,以及宏碁集團創辦人施振榮。
對於台灣當初是在何種契機下,加入「堅韌社會再造委員會」?曾任高盛集團合夥人,現任香港中文大學客座教授、「堅韌社會再造委員會」亞太中心主席的林夏如表示,這個機會,其實源自一通電話。
去年10月,前澳洲總理、現任「堅韌社會再造委員會」共同主席滕博爾(Malcolm Turnbull),以視訊方式,在「玉山論壇」發表演說;事後,林夏如與滕博爾聯絡(滕博爾曾在高盛任職,與林夏如是舊識),並對其演講內容表達讚賞之意。
雙方通話時,林夏如建議,滕博爾應運用自身影響力,為亞太地區做些事,而當時正在參與運作「堅韌社會再造委員會」的滕博爾,則順勢提出邀約,要林夏如「一起來吧!」
「堅韌社會再造委員會」全球共有4個中心,分別是台北的亞太中心、佛羅倫斯的歐洲中心、德里的南亞中心,以及麻州的北美中心;其中,亞太中心是富邦文教基金會贊助成立,並由富邦集團董事長蔡明忠,擔任督導委員會召集人。
國際組織多為歐美體系 R4RX要從亞洲起步
對於促成台灣加入「堅韌社會再造委員會」,林夏如謙稱,自己只是扮演居中聯絡的角色,並強調,「堅韌社會再造委員會」將亞太中心設在台灣,由台灣擔綱該委員會秘書處的重要工作,讓她覺得,台灣有機會在國際上,取得舉足輕重的地位。
林夏如解釋,「堅韌社會再造委員會」,是一個推動、研究長期政策的NGO(非政府組織),「疫情讓我們的經濟、健康和永續發展癱瘓了,現在要reset(重設),而重設,是為了讓世界更有韌性。」
林夏如強調,「堅韌社會再造委員會」希望透過NGO的方式,補強官方組織的不足之處,「就幫助世界快速回應疫情這件事來看,WHO並沒有做到,WHO已經疲憊了,因此要用非官方(組織),去彌補官方組織做不到的。」
「你看國際組織,例如G7,裡面只有日本是亞洲國家,大部分國際組織,都是歐美體系,即使亞洲在全球經濟,占有重要地位,亞洲國家仍得不到比較好的發聲機會;而『堅韌社會再造委員會』,則是一開始就想從亞洲起步。」林夏如說。
在台灣這波疫情爆發前,「堅韌社會再造委員會」就開始推動「疫苗分配應普及全球」的觀念,且因阿斯特捷利康(AstraZeneca)董事長強漢森(Leif Johansson),是「堅韌社會再造委員會」國際委員之一,也讓疫苗分配一事,獲得更多被討論的機會。
「我們成立時,就定義要對G7和G20(20國集團)有所貢獻,我們做的是政策的推薦,希望能對官方機構有影響力,這樣才能解決問題。」林夏如強調。
資通訊、醫療、公衛能力優 施振榮盼台灣對國際有所貢獻
受林夏如邀約,同意出任「堅韌社會再造委員會」國際委員的施振榮笑稱,當初自己沒想太多,就接受了,「(委員會)主要目的是建構一個永續發展的機制,疫情也好、氣候變遷也好,都是全球性問題,我希望我個人的背景,可從科技的角度,提供一些可能的貢獻。」
施振榮強調,台灣的資通訊、醫療、公共衛生,在國際上都占有很重要的地位,「就能力來講,我們絕對能有所貢獻,委員會把亞太中心設在台灣,台灣應該義不容辭。」
施振榮提到,由於AZ董事長強漢森也是委員之一,有助其他國際委員,了解台灣對抗疫情的現況,「(台灣)國民素養、公共衛生、醫療能力都好,我對台灣的疫情相對有信心,疫苗雖然打得比較晚,但之後應該陸續接得上。」
他指出,「堅韌社會再造委員會」已於2021年中報告,針對疫苗製造、配送,向G7提出呼籲,「先進國家在處理(指施打疫苗)之後,也要考慮到全世界。」
施振榮還預告,大概半年後,「堅韌社會再造委員會」將提出年末報告,對G20提出建議。
「我們(委員會)是個政策研究中心,要去理解不同的國家,需要什麼樣的政策。」林夏如強調,世界需要台灣,台灣也需要世界,「不管有沒有疫情,我們都希望,能在政策方面做出貢獻。」
今周刊 (businesstoday.com.tw)
氣候韌性定義 在 主播 路怡珍 Facebook 的最佳解答
【#拜登就職演說全文】★中英版本★
資料來源:美國白宮新聞稿
This is America’s day. This is democracy’s day.
A day of history and hope. Of renewal and resolve.
Through a crucible for the ages America has been tested anew and America has risen to the challenge.
Today, we celebrate the triumph not of a candidate, but of a cause, the cause of democracy.
The will of the people has been heard and the will of the people has been heeded.
We have learned again that democracy is precious.
Democracy is fragile.
And at this hour, my friends, democracy has prevailed.
So now, on this hallowed ground where just days ago violence sought to shake this Capitol’s very foundation, we come together as one nation, under God, indivisible, to carry out the peaceful transfer of power as we have for more than two centuries.
We look ahead in our uniquely American way – restless, bold, optimistic – and set our sights on the nation we know we can be and we must be.
I thank my predecessors of both parties for their presence here.
I thank them from the bottom of my heart.
You know the resilience of our Constitution and the strength of our nation.
As does President Carter, who I spoke to last night but who cannot be with us today, but whom we salute for his lifetime of service.
I have just taken the sacred oath each of these patriots took — an oath first sworn by George Washington.
But the American story depends not on any one of us, not on some of us, but on all of us.
On “We the People” who seek a more perfect Union.
This is a great nation and we are a good people.
Over the centuries through storm and strife, in peace and in war, we have come so far. But we still have far to go.
We will press forward with speed and urgency, for we have much to do in this winter of peril and possibility.
Much to repair.
Much to restore.
Much to heal.
Much to build.
And much to gain.
Few periods in our nation’s history have been more challenging or difficult than the one we’re in now.
A once-in-a-century virus silently stalks the country.
It’s taken as many lives in one year as America lost in all of World War II.
Millions of jobs have been lost.
Hundreds of thousands of businesses closed.
A cry for racial justice some 400 years in the making moves us. The dream of justice for all will be deferred no longer.
A cry for survival comes from the planet itself. A cry that can’t be any more desperate or any more clear.
And now, a rise in political extremism, white supremacy, domestic terrorism that we must confront and we will defeat.
To overcome these challenges – to restore the soul and to secure the future of America – requires more than words.
It requires that most elusive of things in a democracy:
Unity.
Unity.
In another January in Washington, on New Year’s Day 1863, Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation.
When he put pen to paper, the President said, “If my name ever goes down into history it will be for this act and my whole soul is in it.”
My whole soul is in it.
Today, on this January day, my whole soul is in this:
Bringing America together.
Uniting our people.
And uniting our nation.
I ask every American to join me in this cause.
Uniting to fight the common foes we face:
Anger, resentment, hatred.
Extremism, lawlessness, violence.
Disease, joblessness, hopelessness.
With unity we can do great things. Important things.
We can right wrongs.
We can put people to work in good jobs.
We can teach our children in safe schools.
We can overcome this deadly virus.
We can reward work, rebuild the middle class, and make health care
secure for all.
We can deliver racial justice.
We can make America, once again, the leading force for good in the world.
I know speaking of unity can sound to some like a foolish fantasy.
I know the forces that divide us are deep and they are real.
But I also know they are not new.
Our history has been a constant struggle between the American ideal that we are all created equal and the harsh, ugly reality that racism, nativism, fear, and demonization have long torn us apart.
The battle is perennial.
Victory is never assured.
Through the Civil War, the Great Depression, World War, 9/11, through struggle, sacrifice, and setbacks, our “better angels” have always prevailed.
In each of these moments, enough of us came together to carry all of us forward.
And, we can do so now.
History, faith, and reason show the way, the way of unity.
We can see each other not as adversaries but as neighbors.
We can treat each other with dignity and respect.
We can join forces, stop the shouting, and lower the temperature.
For without unity, there is no peace, only bitterness and fury.
No progress, only exhausting outrage.
No nation, only a state of chaos.
This is our historic moment of crisis and challenge, and unity is the path forward.
And, we must meet this moment as the United States of America.
If we do that, I guarantee you, we will not fail.
We have never, ever, ever failed in America when we have acted together.
And so today, at this time and in this place, let us start afresh.
All of us.
Let us listen to one another.
Hear one another.
See one another.
Show respect to one another.
Politics need not be a raging fire destroying everything in its path.
Every disagreement doesn’t have to be a cause for total war.
And, we must reject a culture in which facts themselves are manipulated and even manufactured.
My fellow Americans, we have to be different than this.
America has to be better than this.
And, I believe America is better than this.
Just look around.
Here we stand, in the shadow of a Capitol dome that was completed amid the Civil War, when the Union itself hung in the balance.
Yet we endured and we prevailed.
Here we stand looking out to the great Mall where Dr. King spoke of his dream.
Here we stand, where 108 years ago at another inaugural, thousands of protestors tried to block brave women from marching for the right to vote.
Today, we mark the swearing-in of the first woman in American history elected to national office – Vice President Kamala Harris.
Don’t tell me things can’t change.
Here we stand across the Potomac from Arlington National Cemetery, where heroes who gave the last full measure of devotion rest in eternal peace.
And here we stand, just days after a riotous mob thought they could use violence to silence the will of the people, to stop the work of our democracy, and to drive us from this sacred ground.
That did not happen.
It will never happen.
Not today.
Not tomorrow.
Not ever.
To all those who supported our campaign I am humbled by the faith you have placed in us.
To all those who did not support us, let me say this: Hear me out as we move forward. Take a measure of me and my heart.
And if you still disagree, so be it.
That’s democracy. That’s America. The right to dissent peaceably, within the guardrails of our Republic, is perhaps our nation’s greatest strength.
Yet hear me clearly: Disagreement must not lead to disunion.
And I pledge this to you: I will be a President for all Americans.
I will fight as hard for those who did not support me as for those who did.
Many centuries ago, Saint Augustine, a saint of my church, wrote that a people was a multitude defined by the common objects of their love.
What are the common objects we love that define us as Americans?
I think I know.
Opportunity.
Security.
Liberty.
Dignity.
Respect.
Honor.
And, yes, the truth.
Recent weeks and months have taught us a painful lesson.
There is truth and there are lies.
Lies told for power and for profit.
And each of us has a duty and responsibility, as citizens, as Americans, and especially as leaders – leaders who have pledged to honor our Constitution and protect our nation — to defend the truth and to defeat the lies.
I understand that many Americans view the future with some fear and trepidation.
I understand they worry about their jobs, about taking care of their families, about what comes next.
I get it.
But the answer is not to turn inward, to retreat into competing factions, distrusting those who don’t look like you do, or worship the way you do, or don’t get their news from the same sources you do.
We must end this uncivil war that pits red against blue, rural versus urban, conservative versus liberal.
We can do this if we open our souls instead of hardening our hearts.
If we show a little tolerance and humility.
If we’re willing to stand in the other person’s shoes just for a moment.
Because here is the thing about life: There is no accounting for what fate will deal you.
There are some days when we need a hand.
There are other days when we’re called on to lend one.
That is how we must be with one another.
And, if we are this way, our country will be stronger, more prosperous, more ready for the future.
My fellow Americans, in the work ahead of us, we will need each other.
We will need all our strength to persevere through this dark winter.
We are entering what may well be the toughest and deadliest period of the virus.
We must set aside the politics and finally face this pandemic as one nation.
I promise you this: as the Bible says weeping may endure for a night but joy cometh in the morning.
We will get through this, together
The world is watching today.
So here is my message to those beyond our borders: America has been tested and we have come out stronger for it.
We will repair our alliances and engage with the world once again.
Not to meet yesterday’s challenges, but today’s and tomorrow’s.
We will lead not merely by the example of our power but by the power of our example.
We will be a strong and trusted partner for peace, progress, and security.
We have been through so much in this nation.
And, in my first act as President, I would like to ask you to join me in a moment of silent prayer to remember all those we lost this past year to the pandemic.
To those 400,000 fellow Americans – mothers and fathers, husbands and wives, sons and daughters, friends, neighbors, and co-workers.
We will honor them by becoming the people and nation we know we can and should be.
Let us say a silent prayer for those who lost their lives, for those they left behind, and for our country.
Amen.
This is a time of testing.
We face an attack on democracy and on truth.
A raging virus.
Growing inequity.
The sting of systemic racism.
A climate in crisis.
America’s role in the world.
Any one of these would be enough to challenge us in profound ways.
But the fact is we face them all at once, presenting this nation with the gravest of responsibilities.
Now we must step up.
All of us.
It is a time for boldness, for there is so much to do.
And, this is certain.
We will be judged, you and I, for how we resolve the cascading crises of our era.
Will we rise to the occasion?
Will we master this rare and difficult hour?
Will we meet our obligations and pass along a new and better world for our children?
I believe we must and I believe we will.
And when we do, we will write the next chapter in the American story.
It’s a story that might sound something like a song that means a lot to me.
It’s called “American Anthem” and there is one verse stands out for me:
“The work and prayers
of centuries have brought us to this day
What shall be our legacy?
What will our children say?…
Let me know in my heart
When my days are through
America
America
I gave my best to you.”
Let us add our own work and prayers to the unfolding story of our nation.
If we do this then when our days are through our children and our children’s children will say of us they gave their best.
They did their duty.
They healed a broken land.
My fellow Americans, I close today where I began, with a sacred oath.
Before God and all of you I give you my word.
I will always level with you.
I will defend the Constitution.
I will defend our democracy.
I will defend America.
I will give my all in your service thinking not of power, but of possibilities.
Not of personal interest, but of the public good.
And together, we shall write an American story of hope, not fear.
Of unity, not division.
Of light, not darkness.
An American story of decency and dignity.
Of love and of healing.
Of greatness and of goodness.
May this be the story that guides us.
The story that inspires us.
The story that tells ages yet to come that we answered the call of history.
We met the moment.
That democracy and hope, truth and justice, did not die on our watch but thrived.
That our America secured liberty at home and stood once again as a beacon to the world.
That is what we owe our forebearers, one another, and generations to follow.
So, with purpose and resolve we turn to the tasks of our time.
Sustained by faith.
Driven by conviction.
And, devoted to one another and to this country we love with all our hearts.
May God bless America and may God protect our troops.
Thank you, America.
-------
★ 中文翻譯:資料來源中央社CNA
這是美國的一天,這是民主的一天,是歷史和希望的一天,是更新與決心的一天。美國幾個世代經過熔爐的考驗之後,如今再次遭到試煉,而且已再次奮起應付挑戰。今天,我們慶祝的不是一位候選人的勝利,而是一個奮鬥目標的勝利,是為民主的奮鬥。人民的意志被聽見了,人民的意志得到了關注。
我們再次學到,民主是珍貴的,民主是脆弱的,而在此刻,朋友們,民主已然勝利。短短幾天之前,還有暴力試圖撼動國會的根基,但今天我們齊聚這個莊嚴的所在,以一個在上帝之下不可分裂的國家,展開權力的和平轉移,一如我國200多年的傳統。
我們要用美國特有的方式,也就是不停歇、勇敢、樂觀的方式展望未來。放眼我們可以成為、也必須成為的國家。我謝謝今天蒞臨的兩黨前任總統,我衷心感謝,你們知道我國憲法的韌性,以及我們國家的力量。卡特總統(Jimmy Carter)也是,我昨晚與他通了電話,但他不克前來。我們為他畢生的奉獻向他致敬。
我剛才跟這幾位愛國者一樣鄭重宣誓,一篇最初由華盛頓宣讀的誓詞。然而,美國故事靠的不是我們任何一個人,或一部分人,而是我們全體。它靠的是「我們人民」,在尋求一個更好的合眾國的人民。這是個偉大的國家,我們是一群良善的人。
經歷過去幾個世紀的風雨和衝突、和平與戰爭,我們走過很長一段路,但前方還有很長一段路要走。我們將快速緊急前行,因為在這個危險與機會的冬天,我們有很多事要做。有很多需要修補、需要恢復、需要癒合。有許多需要建設,也可以有很多收穫。
在我國歷史上,很少人或很少時刻面臨著比我們目前更大的挑戰或困難。百年一見、無聲無息蔓延整個國家的病毒,在一年之內奪走的人命,跟美國在第二次世界大戰犧牲的總人數一樣多。數百萬工作機會流失,成千上萬企業關門。
400年來的種族正義的呼聲感動著我們,全民同享公義的夢想將不再拖後。地球生存的呼聲再急迫不過,也再清楚不過。如今政治極端主義、白人至上主義和本土恐怖主義的興起,讓我們有必要起來面對並將它們擊倒。
克服這些挑戰、恢復美國靈魂和鞏固未來需要的不只是話語,而是民主當中最難以捉摸的部分,那就是團結一心,團結一心。
另一個一月天,在1863年開年之時,林肯總統簽署解放奴隸宣言。讓我引述他在下筆時所說的話:「如果我留名青史,將會是因為這份宣言,以及我投注其中的全心全意。」
今天,同樣在一月裡,我全心全意投注於此:團結全體國人,團結整個國家。我請求所有美國人加入,和我一起努力,團結對抗我們共同的敵人:怨氣、不滿、仇恨、極端主義、目無法紀的行為、暴力、疾病、失業和無助。
團結一心,我們能夠成就偉大事業、重要的事情。我們可以糾正錯誤,可以讓民眾找到好的工作,可以在安全的校園教導孩子,可以克服這個致命的病毒。我們可以讓工作獲得報酬,重建中產階級,可以提供全民健保,可以兌現種族正義,讓美國再次成為世界主要的良善力量。
我明白,這個時候談論團結聽起來像愚昧的天方夜譚,我知道分裂我們的力量又深又真切,但我也知道這些力量不是現在才出現。美國向來在人人平等這個理想,和國家長期被種族主義、本土主義、恐懼和妖魔化分化的醜陋現實之間掙扎。這個征戰從未止息,勝利並無保證。
從南北戰爭、大蕭條、世界大戰到911恐攻,儘管歷經奮鬥、犧牲和挫折,良善的天使向來都會勝利。每當遇到這種時刻,我們都會有足夠的人團結一心,讓全國一起向前,我們現在也可以這麼做。
歷史、信仰和理性指向一條明路,一條團結之路。我們可以不把彼此當成敵人,而是鄰居。我們可以尊嚴和尊重彼此相待,可以同心協力,停止叫囂,讓溫度冷卻。因為沒有團結就沒有和平,只會留下苦毒與憤怒;不會有進步,只會有讓人厭倦的離譜言行;不會有國家,只會有混亂狀態。
這是我們危機和挑戰的歷史性一刻,而團結是前進的道路,我們必須以合眾國的姿態來面對這一刻,若能做到,我向諸位保證我們不會失敗。當我們團結起來,我們從來就不曾失敗,因此在這一天,在此時此刻,就在這裡,讓我們重新來過,全體一起來。讓我們開始再次彼此聆聽,讓對方說,相互探望,對彼表達尊重。
政治不必像這一團熊熊之火,燒毀一切,歧見不必成為全面戰爭的理由。我們必須摒棄操弄甚至捏造事實的文化,同胞們,我們不能這樣,美國必須不只是這個樣子,而且我相信美國不至淪落至此。
看看四周,我們站在國會大廈圓頂之下,這是南北戰爭時期完成的,當時美國的前途還在未定之天,但我們挺過來了,我們勝利了。我們現在站在此,看著偉大的國家廣場,金恩博士(Martin Luther King Jr.)曾對廣場上的群眾訴說他的夢想。也是在這裡,108年前的另一場就職典禮,數以千計的抗議人士試圖阻撓一群勇敢的婦女遊行爭取投票權。
今天我們見證副總統賀錦麗創造美國歷史,成為第一位擔任國家領導人的女性,別告訴我事情無法改變。
我們站在這裡,隔著波多馬克河(Potomac River)遠眺阿靈頓國家公墓(Arlington National Cemetery),也就是為國捐軀的英雄長眠之地。我們站在這裡,不過幾天前,暴動的群眾以為他們可用暴力箝制民眾的意志,阻撓民主運作,把我們驅逐出這塊聖地。但事情未如他們所願,今天不會,明天也不會,永遠都不會。
每位支持我們參選的民眾,我因你們給予我們的信心感到謙卑。對於沒有支持我們的人,讓我對你們說:未來請聽我說的話,評量我和我的心。如果你們還是不同意,也罷。這就是民主。這就是美國。以平和的方式在我們國家的規範之內表達異議的權利,可能是我國最大的優勢。
但請聽清楚:不同意見絕對不能變成不團結。而且我向各位保證,我要當全體國人的總統。不論你支持我或不支持我,我都將同樣為你們而努力。
好幾個世紀之前,我所屬教會的聖者聖奧古斯丁(Saint Augustine)曾經寫道,人民是個群體,由他們共同喜愛的東西所定義。身為美國人,我們共同喜愛而且能定義我們的東西是什麼?我想我們都知道:機會、安定、自由、尊嚴、尊重、榮譽,是的,還有真相。
最近的幾個星期、幾個月給了我們痛苦的教訓:有真相,也有謊言,為了權力和利益而說的謊言。我們每個人做為公民,做為美國人,特別是身為領導者的人,曾經承諾要遵守憲法、保護我們的國家的領導者,有職責、有責任要捍衛真相、打敗謊言。
我瞭解有許多同胞以害怕、惶恐的心情看待未來。我瞭解他們擔心工作問題。我瞭解他們像我父親那樣,夜裡躺在床上盯著天花板,想著得要有醫療保險、有貸款要付、想著他們的家庭,想著接下來會如何。我跟各位保證,我瞭解。但答案不是退縮,不是進入到彼此競爭的派系,不信任看起來跟你不一樣的人,跟你有不同信仰的人,或者新聞來源不同於你的人。
我們必須結束這場「無禮的戰爭」,它讓紅藍對立、鄉村與都市的民眾對立、保守派與自由派對立。我們可以做到,如果我們敞開心胸,而不是讓我們的心變硬,如果我們展現一些包容和謙虛,如果我們願意為別人設想,就像我母親說的:只要一下子就好,為別人設想。
因為人生就是這樣,你無法預知命運。有些時候,你會需要別人伸出援手,還有些時候,人家會請你伸出援手。就是要這樣,這就是我們為彼此做的事。如果我們這麼做,我們的國家就會更強大、更繁榮,更能為未來做好準備,而且我們還是可以有不同意見。
同胞們,我們在推動未來的工作時,會需要彼此。我們要集舉國之力,才能度過這個黑暗的冬天。我們可能在進入疫情最嚴重、最致命的階段。我們必須把政治擺在一邊,要終於能夠舉國對抗這個大流行,用舉國之力。我向各位保證,就如聖經所說:「一宿雖有哭泣,早晨便必歡呼。」我們將可一起度過,一起!
各位,我跟我在參眾兩院的同事們都瞭解,世人正在觀看,他們今天在看著我們,因此這是我要對國外傳達的訊息:美國受到試煉,而我們因此更為茁壯。我們將修補我們與盟國的關係,再次與世界往來,不是為了面對昨天的挑戰,而是今天和明天的挑戰。我們將不是藉著我們力量的典範來領導,而是憑藉我們典範的力量。我們將會是和平、進步與安定堅強而且可信賴的夥伴。
各位都知道,我們國家經歷了許多事情。我做為總統要做的第一件事,是要請你們跟我一起,為過去一年因疫情喪生的人們默禱,紀念那40萬個同胞,母親、父親、丈夫、妻子、兒子、女兒、朋友、鄰居和同事們。我們要成為我們自知可以成為、而且應該成為的人民和國家,以此榮耀他們。因此我請大家,一起為離世和失去親友的人們,還有我們的國家默禱,……阿們。
各位,這是試煉的時刻。我們面對對民主與真相的攻擊、正在肆虐的病毒、嚴重的不公、系統性的種族歧視、陷入危機的氣候,還有美國在全球的角色問題。其中任何一點都足以對我們構成嚴重的挑戰。但事實是,我們在同時面對這一切,這讓美國挑起我們最重大的責任之一。我們將受到試煉,我們能迎接挑戰嗎?這是大膽的時候,因為有好多事情要做。
而我向各位保證,這點是肯定的:你我將被評判,標準是我們如何解決這個時代一一發生的危機。我們將迎接挑戰。我們能否戰勝這個罕見而艱難的時刻?我們能否履行我們的義務,把一個新的、更好的世界傳給我們的下一代?我相信我們必須那麼做,而且我相信你們也這麼認為。我相信我們會,而且當我們做到,我們將寫下美國歷史偉大的新章節。美國的故事。
這個故事可能像一首對我來說深具意義的歌曲,它叫「美國頌」(American Anthem),它有一段歌詞至少對我來說很特別,它是這樣說的:「數百年的努力與祈禱讓我們來到今天,我們有什麼能傳承下去?我們的子孫會怎麼說?當我的日子結束,讓我內心知曉,美國,美國,我已為你付出最大努力。」
讓我們把我們自己的努力和祈禱,加到我們偉大的國家仍在發展的故事之中。如果我們做到,那麼當我們的日子結束,我們的子孫和他們的子孫會說:「他們付出了最大的努力,他們盡了他們的責任,他們修補了破碎的國家。」
同胞們,我的結語要跟開頭一樣,有個神聖的誓言。在上帝和各位面前,我向你們保證。我將始終開誠布公,我將捍衛憲法,我將捍衛我們的民主。我將捍衛美國,全心全力奉獻為你們服務,心中想的不是權力,而是可能性,不是私利,而是公眾的利益。我們將一起寫下美國希望的故事,而非恐懼的故事,是團結而非分歧,是光明而非黑暗。是禮貌與尊嚴、愛與療癒、偉大與善良的故事。
希望這是引導我們的故事、啟發我們的故事,是能告訴未來的世世代代我們回應歷史的召喚並且回應了時代挑戰的故事。民主與希望、真相與公義沒有在我們的時代衰亡,而是生生不息,美國固守了國內的自由,並且再次成為世界的明燈。這是我們對先人、對彼此和對未來世世代代的責任。
因此,我們要有目標、有決心,把注意力轉向這個時代的任務,靠信心來維持,靠信念來驅使,為彼此和我們全心熱愛的國家而奉獻。願上帝保佑美國,保守我們的三軍。謝謝美國!
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