A very interesting text about how we teach reading to kids! （值得一讀！）
https://www.apmreports.org/episode/2019/08/22/whats-wrong-how-schools-teach-reading
學界爭論不休的 whole language approach 和 systematic phonics approach，究竟哪一個有更多的科學理據，去支持成為較適合幼兒閱讀的策略呢？
Whole language approach 著重提供一個豐富的、包含讀寫聽說的語言環境，著重文字在文本中呈現出來的意思，鼓勵孩子運用思考力從不同的 cues（例如圖畫、上文下理、beginning sound）去猜估文字，講求make sense of language。孩子有學習 phonics 的，只是不完整也沒有系統。
．graphic cues (what do the letters tell you about what the word might be?)
．syntactic cues (what kind of word could it be, for example, a noun or a verb?)
．semantic cues (what word would make sense here, based on the context?)
另一套觀點則強調要 explicitly, systematically 教授 letter 同 sound 的關係，怎樣 decode words，即是在孩子初學習英語時，集中把 phonics 的系統循序漸進式地好好掌握。
香港的學校多是採用 whole language approach，而家長努力付費外補的多是 phonics。
文中詳細描述了能夠掌握有效 phonics 策略的學生是如何閱讀：
//Here's what happens when a reader who has good phonics skills comes to a word she doesn't recognize in print. She stops at the word and sounds it out. If it's a word she knows the meaning of, she has now linked the spelling of the word with its pronunciation. If she doesn't know the meaning of the word, she can use context to try to figure it out.
By about second grade, a typically developing reader needs just a few exposures to a word through understanding both the pronunciation and the spelling for that word to be stored in her memory. She doesn't know that word because she memorized it as a visual image. She knows that word because at some point she successfully sounded it out.
The more words she stores in her memory this way, the more she can focus on the meaning of what she's reading; she'll eventually be using less brain power to identify words and will be able to devote more brain power to comprehending what she's reading.//
近年很多學者從科學研究的角度證實 systematic phonics approach 對提升孩子閱讀能力更有幫助。
如有興趣自教孩子 phonics，你們對這個no prep phonics bundle（https://shop.thisreadingmama.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/MEGA-NO-PREP-Phonics-Bundle-PREVIEW-This-Reading-Mama.pdf）有興趣嗎？減價中，有興趣可pm 我一同 chip in 買。
其他參考資料：https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2019/03/27/case-why-both-sides-reading-wars-debate-are-wrong-proposed-solution/
semantic memory 在 This pin describes episodic and semantic memory - Pinterest 的推薦與評價
Oct 31, 2018 - This pin describes episodic and semantic memory - types of long-term memory. Episodic memory is of particular places and events in a person's ... ... <看更多>