【力量訓練的「訓練量」該如何設定?】
跑者的訓練量俗稱「跑量」,單位是「公里」,所以月跑量三百是指一個月總訓練距離300公里。在力量訓練圈的「訓練量」(Training Volume)常是「總反覆次數」 (Total Repetition)的同義詞;而「月總量」就是指一個月的總反覆次數,像我們會建議初跑者的月跑量最好不要超過100公里一樣,在做重訓時,有沒有一個區間可以讓大家參考呢?下面是《The System》的作者群建議:
#以下為譯文:
以剛接觸訓練的新手來說,月總量最好從750次(總反覆次數)開始;而菁英運動員的上限設在1,600次。在前蘇聯時代,我們親眼看到他們運動員以更高的月總量進行訓練。然而,我們後來也發現這跟他們使用加強運動表現的補給品有關,那使運動員能更快恢復。
總反覆次數是指在單一個週期中(這裡是指中週期)所有基本力量動作重複次數的總合。因此總反覆次數750的意思是在不同的訓練強度與動作中總共累計的次數,但這個數字不包括輔助訓練的動作。
從帳面上來看,750這個數字分配到一個月十二到十六次課表當中,看起來似乎很小,但我們這們所定的750這個數字比較像是「基本量」,而非下限,如果總反覆次數低於750下,就不會為運動員的成長帶來實質的影響。表 4.14 中的數值並不是意味著高水平或菁英運動員在四週內的總反覆次數永遠不會有低於1,000次情況發生,那只是維持成長的基本量。對運動員的恢復能力影響最大的是訓練量,因此這些範圍中比較需要注意的是上限的數值。若月總量超過上限值,恢復能力將快速到受到侵害,而且侵害的速度比任何其他因素都快。
一位菁英水準的運動員可以在一個月的時間裡完成1,000次以下的訓練,就算在恢復期也經常發生。然而,訓練新手若超過1,000次的上限,大都要承擔受傷或嚴重過度訓練的風險。
許多教練擔心他們的運動員練不夠,所以無法有效獲得力量和爆發力的進步。他們不想因為目標定得太低而有所保留,這讓他們感覺是「浪費」了一個月的訓練時間。剛開始採用這個方法來訓練時有這種感覺很自然,我們系統中的每一位教練也都曾經歷過相同的掙扎。
美國的力量教練已經把「訓練要用盡全力」當作一種信念,訓練完還有餘力好像就會覺得不夠認真。但請相信我們。我們說的方法很少失敗,也幾乎沒有過度訓練的風險,這些區間已被證明能最有效地幫助運動員進步。
在調整運動員的訓練量時,需要考慮到他們的技巧、經驗、過去的醫療史、訓練史、性別、實際年齡與訓練年齡。
我們過去的慘痛教訓可以讓你少走許多彎路。當你在訓練量的拿捏上猶豫不決時,原則是寧少勿多。寧可因量太少沒進步,也不要犯下過量訓練的錯誤。
總訓練量不包括輔助訓練或是特別針對「局部效果」的練習次數。那些動作主要是為了強化特定肌肉或是使全身力量動作能做得更好的輔助性訓練,所以我們不會把它們算在總訓練量中。
最受我們重視的力量訓練動作不只對身體的負擔很大,技術要求也很高;正因如此,我們才會嚴格限制訓練量。
雖然輔助訓練不會被計算在總訓練量裡,但你不要因此失控,開始加練很多你想練的輔助動作。永遠記住:效率第一。
#原文如下
The absolute floor of volume for a novice athlete is 750 total exercise repetitions per month, and the ceiling for the elite athlete is 1,600 total reps. During our time in the former Soviet Republics, we witnessed athletes performing even higher monthly training volumes. However, as we found later, that was often with the benefit of performance-enhancing substances that allowed for more rapid recovery.
In a single cycle, the total number of repetitions pertains to all exercises performed in the key movements. This means 750 total repetitions are spread between the different exercises among the range of training intensities we want to emphasize.
On the surface, these can seem like small numbers when we consider they may be spread out over 12 to 16 training sessions. That 750-rep total is really more like the basement rather than the floor of total volume—any less than 750 will not budge the needle on gains. That does not mean advanced or elite-level athletes will not have cycles that dip below 1,000 reps. These ranges should be more prescriptive of the ceiling of higher volumes to avoid exceeding. Pushing monthly volume beyond these ranges erodes recovery more rapidly than any other factor.
An elite-level athlete can use a month with a total volume of under 1,000 reps, as will often be the case when returning to training. However, a novice athlete can rarely exceed the 1,000-rep ceiling without risking an injury or a significant overtraining effect.
Many coaches worry their athletes will not do enough work to promote gains in strength and power. They do not want to “waste” a month by aiming too low on total volume and leaving some gains in the tank. That is a natural feeling when adopting this method, and each of us went through the same mental struggle.
Strength coaches in America are not hard-wired to accept less than maximum. However, trust us when we say that without fail, these ranges have proven to be the most effective in generating progress with almost no risk of overtraining.
Fine-tuning where your athletes fall in a volume range takes skill, experience, and consideration of their medical and training history, biological and training age, and gender.
The bloody trail of our mistakes can save you a lot of added stress: When in doubt, it is always better to err on the side of less volume than too much.
The total volume number does not include accessory work or exercises of “local effect.” Those exercises are more targeted muscle strengthening or exercises to support the main movements.
We are mainly concerned about the most physically taxing exercises that demand more of an athlete’s attention to technique—hence, the volume restrictions.
Although the accessory work is not included in the volume calculations, you still cannot go wild, adding as much as you want. Always remember this: efficiency first.
(以上摘錄自原文第132~133)
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若有發現翻譯不到位或有問題的地方,非常歡迎也希望各界指正!
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過36萬的網紅Atsueigo,也在其Youtube影片中提到,今話題の英語コーチングスクールプログリットに潜入させていただきました!最近よく耳にする「コーチングスクール」。その実態を皆さんにお伝えできればと思っています! 【プログリット(PROGRIT)詳細】 無料カウンセリングのお申し込みはコチラ↓ https://bit.ly/3bmottQ サービス...
by means of同義 在 周永鴻 台中市議員 Facebook 的精選貼文
雖說您將離開台灣,但台灣永遠不會離開您!祝福酈英傑處長鵬程萬里!
---------------
轉載 @美國在台協會 AIT 貼文
📝酈英傑處長給台灣人民的道別信
「隨著我擔任美國在台協會處長的日子即將畫下句點,我也即將離開台灣,我想藉這個機會和大家分享,這一番歷練對我來說的意義是什麼。當我說擔任AIT處長其實是我這輩子的榮幸,也讓我得以實現長期職業生涯中的抱負與理想,這麼說一點也不為過。
我19歲時第一次離開家鄉,就是來台灣。對年輕的我來說,從那時起,台灣就成了交流與理解、探索與冒險的同義詞。台灣不僅有著讓人眼花撩亂的異鄉風情,也代表著意想不到的嶄新機會。我在這裡嘗試新奇的食物,像是水餃和臭豆腐,並且學習如何在擠滿單車和機車的大街小巷穿梭自如。一方面,我努力用我粗淺的中文,讓別人聽懂我說的話;但同時我也發現,無論走到哪裡,迎接我的都是滿滿的親切友善與熱情好客。
因此,在成為美國外交官後,能夠以台灣作為我派駐海外的第一站,真是再適合不過了。畢竟,是台灣首先點燃了我對亞洲、尤其是台灣的畢生興趣,也激發了我對跨文化理解和共享目標——也就是外交工作——的終身熱忱。此後,我也曾派駐其他地點,多數是在大中華區域,但我的台灣經歷與回憶始終常存我心。最終我能以美國駐台最高層級外交官的身分回來這裡,可說是我多年職涯的高峰。顯然,我這一生注定與台灣有著深刻的連結,或者也叫作「緣分」吧,才會讓我一次又一次不斷地回到台灣。
常有人問我,為什麼我這麼喜歡台灣。我總覺得:「答案不是很明顯嗎?」不過如果一定要我從個人與專業的角度,解釋我對台灣的喜愛與敬佩之情,我通常會提到以下幾個領域:
首先,台灣兼具活力與穩定、進步與延承、還有創新與傳統。每次回到這裡,我都對台灣社會在各個方面日新月異的進步感到驚艷不已。台灣的民主更臻成熟,經濟益加蓬勃,環境保護更受關注,藝術文化發展也生生不息。
台灣在許多最先進的科技產業上持續為全球創新樹立標竿,但與此同時,台灣的社會穩定和文化傳承依舊令人欽羨佩服。儘管生活充裕且形象良好,台灣人民卻依然謙虛樸實、平易近人。在台灣,最古老的傳統薪火相傳、歷久彌新。文化和歷史古蹟受到妥善的修復與保護;年輕人也可以學習代代相傳的書法技巧,接著再把作品秀在Instagram上。
再者,對美國來說,台灣正是共享利益與共享價值交集的典範。美台夥伴關係的重點在於確保科技發展能夠嘉惠、而非傷害我們雙方的經濟,科技突破則應被用於鞏固、而不是破壞我們的原則。美台之間自由、多元、平等及透明等共享價值,時時激勵我們努力在世界各地打造民主社會的韌性。而我們也持續尋求新的方式,為解決全球問題做出貢獻,這麼做不僅是因為能夠造福我們自己的人民,也是因為我們相信,身為21世紀敦親睦鄰的好夥伴,就是該這麼做。
最後,每當我想到台灣、以及整體美台關係,我總會想到希望、光明和成長。美台的情誼在過去40年來不斷拓展與茁壯。我相信每任處長都會同意,他們離開台灣時的美台夥伴關係,比起他們剛上任時都更上一層樓。同樣的,當我向AIT告別的那一天,我的心中將充滿肯定與成就感,因為我知道,美台夥伴關係比以往都更加深刻和強健,我也對自己能為美台關係今天亮眼的進展小有貢獻,而深感驕傲。
但是,比起這些事情,我想我更難忘的是台灣在我生命中所留下的深刻印記。我永遠會記得我在台灣度過的第一個聖誕節,還有第一個農曆新年。我永遠會記得台灣朋友的真摯與溫暖、教會同伴堅定的信仰、炎炎夏日來一碗芒果冰的沁涼、資源回收車沿街播放《給愛麗絲》的回音,還有巷弄中撲鼻而來的茉莉花香,這些都會是我畢生珍藏的美好回憶之一。我也會記得好友間的餐聚、充滿歡笑和故事的夜晚、以及一路以來我受到過的無數的善意與關懷。我更會永遠記得,是各位台灣朋友們,你們以各種不同的方式,讓我和我家人的生命更加地豐盛美好。對此,我要衷心地謝謝大家。
雖然我將離開台灣,但台灣不會離開我。」
— 美國在台協會處長 酈英傑
✅信件全文亦可至AIT官網查看:https://bit.ly/2TSkLDF
📝A Farewell Letter from AIT Director W. Brent Christensen
"As my time as AIT Director draws to a close and I prepare to leave Taiwan, I want to take this opportunity to tell you what this experience has meant to me. It is not an exaggeration to say that this has been the honor of my life and the fulfillment of a career-long aspiration.
The first time I left my hometown at age 19, it was to come to Taiwan. From that early age, Taiwan became synonymous for me with the ideas of exchange and understanding, exploration and adventure. Taiwan represented both disorienting foreignness and unexpected opportunity, as I tried new food – like shuijiaos and qiu doufu – and learned to navigate my way through streets crowded with bicycles and scooters. And struggled to make myself understood with my rudimentary Mandarin. But all the while discovering the kindness and generosity that welcomed me wherever I went.
It felt appropriate for me to serve my first tour as a U.S. diplomat in the place that first sparked in me a lifelong interest in Asia – and in Taiwan in particular – and in cross-cultural understanding and shared purpose, or in other words, diplomacy. After that, my career took me to other places, but mostly still in the China region. But the memories of my experiences in Taiwan stayed with me. And finally having the opportunity to serve as the top U.S. diplomat to Taiwan was the culmination of all the years that came before. It is clear that I have a lifelong connection to Taiwan, or “yuanfen,” that has led me to return again and again.
People often ask me why I have such a fondness for Taiwan. “Isn’t it obvious?!” I always think. But when forced to explain my affection for and professional fascination with Taiwan, I usually come back to a few themes.
First, dynamism and constancy; progress and preservation; innovation and tradition. Every time I return to Taiwan, I am immediately struck by the many ways Taiwan has advanced as a society. Taiwan’s democracy grows more mature, its economy more prosperous, its environment more cared-for, and its arts and culture more vibrant.
Taiwan’s industry continues to set the benchmark for global innovation in some of the most sophisticated technologies, but at the same time, Taiwan society is remarkable for its stability and cultural continuity. Taiwan’s people, despite their relative wealth and stature, continue to be modest and unassuming. Taiwan’s most ancient traditions are alive and well. Cultural and historic sites are restored and preserved. Young people may learn calligraphy techniques handed down for generations, but then share their work on Instagram.
Second, for the United States, Taiwan exemplifies the intersection of shared interests and shared values. Our partnership is about making sure our economies are beneficiaries rather than casualties of technological development and ensuring that technological development advances rather than undermines our principles. Our shared values of freedom, diversity, equality, and transparency inspire our efforts to build the resilience of democracies around the world. And we continue to find new ways to contribute to global problem solving, both because it benefits our own peoples and because we share the belief that this is what it means to be a good neighbor in the 21st century.
Finally, I associate Taiwan – and the broader U.S.-Taiwan relationship – with hope, promise, and growth. This friendship has expanded and flourished over the past 40 years; I believe every person who has done this job walked away knowing they left this partnership better than they found it. I will similarly leave AIT with a sense of accomplishment and success, knowing that the U.S.-Taiwan partnership is deeper and stronger than ever, and feeling immensely proud of my small role in getting us there.
But more than any of these things, I will remember the ways that Taiwan has touched me personally. I will always remember my first Christmas in Taiwan – and my first Chinese New Year. I will remember the warmth of Taiwan friendship, the faith of my fellow church members, the taste of a mango bing on a hot summer day, the echo of “Fur Elise” from the recycling truck, the fragrance of jasmine blossoms in village alleyways – these are just some of the memories I will treasure. I will remember the long dinners with dear friends, full of laughter and stories. And I will remember their many kindnesses. I will remember all the ways big and small that you, the people of Taiwan, touched my life and the lives of my family. And for that, I thank you.
I may be leaving Taiwan, but Taiwan will never leave me. "
-- AIT Director William Brent Christensen
✅Read the letter: https://bit.ly/3hUrsgw
by means of同義 在 美國在台協會 AIT Facebook 的最佳解答
📝酈英傑處長給台灣人民的道別信
「隨著我擔任美國在台協會處長的日子即將畫下句點,我也即將離開台灣,我想藉這個機會和大家分享,這一番歷練對我來說的意義是什麼。當我說擔任AIT處長其實是我這輩子的榮幸,也讓我得以實現長期職業生涯中的抱負與理想,這麼說一點也不為過。
我19歲時第一次離開家鄉,就是來台灣。對年輕的我來說,從那時起,台灣就成了交流與理解、探索與冒險的同義詞。台灣不僅有著讓人眼花撩亂的異鄉風情,也代表著意想不到的嶄新機會。我在這裡嘗試新奇的食物,像是水餃和臭豆腐,並且學習如何在擠滿單車和機車的大街小巷穿梭自如。一方面,我努力用我粗淺的中文,讓別人聽懂我說的話;但同時我也發現,無論走到哪裡,迎接我的都是滿滿的親切友善與熱情好客。
因此,在成為美國外交官後,能夠以台灣作為我派駐海外的第一站,真是再適合不過了。畢竟,是台灣首先點燃了我對亞洲、尤其是台灣的畢生興趣,也激發了我對跨文化理解和共享目標——也就是外交工作——的終身熱忱。此後,我也曾派駐其他地點,多數是在大中華區域,但我的台灣經歷與回憶始終常存我心。最終我能以美國駐台最高層級外交官的身分回來這裡,可說是我多年職涯的高峰。顯然,我這一生注定與台灣有著深刻的連結,或者也叫作「緣分」吧,才會讓我一次又一次不斷地回到台灣。
常有人問我,為什麼我這麼喜歡台灣。我總覺得:「答案不是很明顯嗎?」不過如果一定要我從個人與專業的角度,解釋我對台灣的喜愛與敬佩之情,我通常會提到以下幾個領域:
首先,台灣兼具活力與穩定、進步與延承、還有創新與傳統。每次回到這裡,我都對台灣社會在各個方面日新月異的進步感到驚艷不已。台灣的民主更臻成熟,經濟益加蓬勃,環境保護更受關注,藝術文化發展也生生不息。
台灣在許多最先進的科技產業上持續為全球創新樹立標竿,但與此同時,台灣的社會穩定和文化傳承依舊令人欽羨佩服。儘管生活充裕且形象良好,台灣人民卻依然謙虛樸實、平易近人。在台灣,最古老的傳統薪火相傳、歷久彌新。文化和歷史古蹟受到妥善的修復與保護;年輕人也可以學習代代相傳的書法技巧,接著再把作品秀在Instagram上。
再者,對美國來說,台灣正是共享利益與共享價值交集的典範。美台夥伴關係的重點在於確保科技發展能夠嘉惠、而非傷害我們雙方的經濟,科技突破則應被用於鞏固、而不是破壞我們的原則。美台之間自由、多元、平等及透明等共享價值,時時激勵我們努力在世界各地打造民主社會的韌性。而我們也持續尋求新的方式,為解決全球問題做出貢獻,這麼做不僅是因為能夠造福我們自己的人民,也是因為我們相信,身為21世紀敦親睦鄰的好夥伴,就是該這麼做。
最後,每當我想到台灣、以及整體美台關係,我總會想到希望、光明和成長。美台的情誼在過去40年來不斷拓展與茁壯。我相信每任處長都會同意,他們離開台灣時的美台夥伴關係,比起他們剛上任時都更上一層樓。同樣的,當我向AIT告別的那一天,我的心中將充滿肯定與成就感,因為我知道,美台夥伴關係比以往都更加深刻和強健,我也對自己能為美台關係今天亮眼的進展小有貢獻,而深感驕傲。
但是,比起這些事情,我想我更難忘的是台灣在我生命中所留下的深刻印記。我永遠會記得我在台灣度過的第一個聖誕節,還有第一個農曆新年。我永遠會記得台灣朋友的真摯與溫暖、教會同伴堅定的信仰、炎炎夏日來一碗芒果冰的沁涼、資源回收車沿街播放《給愛麗絲》的回音,還有巷弄中撲鼻而來的茉莉花香,這些都會是我畢生珍藏的美好回憶之一。我也會記得好友間的餐聚、充滿歡笑和故事的夜晚、以及一路以來我受到過的無數的善意與關懷。我更會永遠記得,是各位台灣朋友們,你們以各種不同的方式,讓我和我家人的生命更加地豐盛美好。對此,我要衷心地謝謝大家。
雖然我將離開台灣,但台灣不會離開我。」
— 美國在台協會處長 酈英傑
✅信件全文亦可至AIT官網查看:https://bit.ly/2TSkLDF
📝A Farewell Letter from AIT Director W. Brent Christensen
"As my time as AIT Director draws to a close and I prepare to leave Taiwan, I want to take this opportunity to tell you what this experience has meant to me. It is not an exaggeration to say that this has been the honor of my life and the fulfillment of a career-long aspiration.
The first time I left my hometown at age 19, it was to come to Taiwan. From that early age, Taiwan became synonymous for me with the ideas of exchange and understanding, exploration and adventure. Taiwan represented both disorienting foreignness and unexpected opportunity, as I tried new food – like shuijiaos and qiu doufu – and learned to navigate my way through streets crowded with bicycles and scooters. And struggled to make myself understood with my rudimentary Mandarin. But all the while discovering the kindness and generosity that welcomed me wherever I went.
It felt appropriate for me to serve my first tour as a U.S. diplomat in the place that first sparked in me a lifelong interest in Asia – and in Taiwan in particular – and in cross-cultural understanding and shared purpose, or in other words, diplomacy. After that, my career took me to other places, but mostly still in the China region. But the memories of my experiences in Taiwan stayed with me. And finally having the opportunity to serve as the top U.S. diplomat to Taiwan was the culmination of all the years that came before. It is clear that I have a lifelong connection to Taiwan, or “yuanfen,” that has led me to return again and again.
People often ask me why I have such a fondness for Taiwan. “Isn’t it obvious?!” I always think. But when forced to explain my affection for and professional fascination with Taiwan, I usually come back to a few themes.
First, dynamism and constancy; progress and preservation; innovation and tradition. Every time I return to Taiwan, I am immediately struck by the many ways Taiwan has advanced as a society. Taiwan’s democracy grows more mature, its economy more prosperous, its environment more cared-for, and its arts and culture more vibrant.
Taiwan’s industry continues to set the benchmark for global innovation in some of the most sophisticated technologies, but at the same time, Taiwan society is remarkable for its stability and cultural continuity. Taiwan’s people, despite their relative wealth and stature, continue to be modest and unassuming. Taiwan’s most ancient traditions are alive and well. Cultural and historic sites are restored and preserved. Young people may learn calligraphy techniques handed down for generations, but then share their work on Instagram.
Second, for the United States, Taiwan exemplifies the intersection of shared interests and shared values. Our partnership is about making sure our economies are beneficiaries rather than casualties of technological development and ensuring that technological development advances rather than undermines our principles. Our shared values of freedom, diversity, equality, and transparency inspire our efforts to build the resilience of democracies around the world. And we continue to find new ways to contribute to global problem solving, both because it benefits our own peoples and because we share the belief that this is what it means to be a good neighbor in the 21st century.
Finally, I associate Taiwan – and the broader U.S.-Taiwan relationship – with hope, promise, and growth. This friendship has expanded and flourished over the past 40 years; I believe every person who has done this job walked away knowing they left this partnership better than they found it. I will similarly leave AIT with a sense of accomplishment and success, knowing that the U.S.-Taiwan partnership is deeper and stronger than ever, and feeling immensely proud of my small role in getting us there.
But more than any of these things, I will remember the ways that Taiwan has touched me personally. I will always remember my first Christmas in Taiwan – and my first Chinese New Year. I will remember the warmth of Taiwan friendship, the faith of my fellow church members, the taste of a mango bing on a hot summer day, the echo of “Fur Elise” from the recycling truck, the fragrance of jasmine blossoms in village alleyways – these are just some of the memories I will treasure. I will remember the long dinners with dear friends, full of laughter and stories. And I will remember their many kindnesses. I will remember all the ways big and small that you, the people of Taiwan, touched my life and the lives of my family. And for that, I thank you.
I may be leaving Taiwan, but Taiwan will never leave me. "
-- AIT Director William Brent Christensen
✅Read the letter: https://bit.ly/3hUrsgw
by means of同義 在 Atsueigo Youtube 的最佳解答
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【目次】
00:00 導入
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03:21 学習計画
05:17 体験 - シャドーイング
08:21 体験 - オンライン英会話
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ATSUの英単語暗記メソッドをとことん解説したオリジナル英単語暗記本 VOCABULARIST。
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特長1:ATSUがこれまでに行ってきた英単語学習の集大成
▶本書で紹介する学習法は、誰かの学習法の寄せ集めではなく、すべてATSU本人が長い時間と労力を割いて確率・最適化してきたもの。ATSUの思考回路をまるごとインストールできる一冊です。
特長2:目的、目標、戦略、戦術。しっかり体系づけされた方法論
▶そもそも英語学習の目的って?なぜ単語学習が重要?具体的な学習方法は?・・・「なんとなく」ではなく、しっかりと体系づけられた方法論なので、すべてのアクションに明確な理由があるのです。
特長3:全編にわたりイラストや図表を多用し、ヴィジュアライズ
▶全編にわたり、文章を読むだけではなかなか理解しづらい「概念」や「構造」にはイラストや図表を用意。また、巻末の『接頭語・接尾語マップ』には30個の書き下ろしイラストを収録しました。
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・全190ページ
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・巻末付録「接頭語・接尾語マップ」付き
- 目次
Chapter 1 英単語学習の意義
Chapter 2 英語学習の流れ
Chapter 3 英単語学習の全体像
Chapter 4 英単語学習の目標
Chapter 5 英単語学習の戦略
Chapter 6 英単語学習の 3 つの基本戦術
Chapter 7 英単語学習の応用戦術〜構造分析
Chapter 8 英単語学習の応用戦術〜画像(イメージ)暗記
Chapter 9 英単語学習の応用戦術〜クロスレファレンス暗記
Chapter 10 英単語学習の応用戦術〜語源暗記
Appendix 巻末付録: 接頭語・接尾語マップ
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by means of同義 在 陳老師英語教室- by means, by all means, by no ... - Facebook 的推薦與評價
by means, by all means, by no means 的運用means 意思是: 方法"by means of" 即籍著一些方法/途徑去做成一些事情例如I opened the can by means of a tin opener. ... <看更多>