關於 electric circuits ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

MAJLIS HIGH TECH NATION KETENGAHKAN TEKNOLOGI MASA HADAPAN

Semalam saya telah mempengerusikan Mesyuarat Majlis High-Tech Nation yang bertujuan merangka hala tuju teknologi sedia ada dan masa hadapan yang berpotensi untuk dibangunkan di Malaysia. Majlis ini juga akan melaporkan sebarang perkembangan secara terus kepada Majlis Sains Negara yang dipengerusikan oleh Perdana Menteri.

Program dan dasar yang akan dibentuk di bawah majlis ini adalah berpandukan kepada kerangka MySTIE 10-10 serta Dasar Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi (DSTIN) 2021-2030 yang telah saya lancarkan minggu lalu. Sebanyak 30 bidang keutamaan telah dikenal pasti menerusi rangka kerja ini dan majlis ini akan merapatkan jurang yang wujud bagi memastikan ia dapat memberi kesan maksimum kepada setiap bidang keutamaan.

Majlis ini juga akan mengambil peranan secara proaktif dalam mengetengahkan teknologi masa hadapan yang akan melonjakkan kedudukan negara sebagai peneraju teknologi.

Saya juga telah memilih untuk mengutamakan beberapa program, hala tuju dan dasar agar sesuai dengan keperluan masa kini yang mendesak.

Antara cadangan yang telah dibentangkan semalam adalah berkenaan perubatan kepersisan (precision medicine) daripada Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia (KKM). Perubatan kepersisan berasaskan teknologi data raya ini berupaya mendiagnos serta merancang perubatan yang berkualiti dan terjamin bagi seseorang pesakit.

Selain itu, Institut Penyelidikan Hidraulik Kebangsaan Malaysia (NAHRIM) juga telah membentangkan Hala Tuju Inovasi Air Negara yang akan menjamin keselamatan air. Menerusi hala tuju ini, sebanyak lima program telah dikenal pasti iaitu sungai yang bersih, rizab margin air, sistem air pintar, pengurangan risiko bencana dan pembiayaan air.

Kementerian Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi (MOSTI) pula telah membentangkan 9 hala tuju yang sedang dibangunkan oleh agensi-agensi di bawah kementerian. Kesemua hala tuju yang akan dibentangkan pada pertengahan 2021 ini akan memacu kerajaan untuk merangka pelaburan serta memformulasi dasar terbaik dalam pembangunan teknologi-teknologi tersebut. Pelan itu antara lain akan merangkumi: blok rantai (blockchain); nanoteknologi; robotik; hidrogen; kecerdasan buatan (AI); litar bersepadu dan bahan termaju (advanced materials)

Akademi Sains Malaysia telah membentangkan cadangan untuk menginstitusikan sebuah badan pemecut pengkomersialan teknologi (Tech-Commercialisation Accelerator) bagi mengetuai dan mengkoordinasi usaha-usaha penyelidikan beradasarkan perniagaan serta ekonomi. Penyelidikan dan pembangunan (R&D) serta sistem penyampaian ini akan dibuat berasaskan permintaan serta keperluan pasaran untuk inovasi-inovasi penganggu (disruptive innovations). Saya akan mengumumkan lebih lanjut mengenai perkara ini sedikit masa lagi.

Institut Penyelidikan Keselamatan Jalan Raya Malaysia (MIROS) telah membentangkan kertas kerja ‘Teknologi Motosikal: Penyelesaian Kepada Dilema Kemajuan Ekonomi-Keselamatan’ dan menjelaskan bahawa 66 peratus daripada kematian di jalan raya melibatkan kemalangan motosikal. Kami berharap untuk memberi insentif dalam pembangunan, pengaplikasian dan penggunaan teknologi sedia ada serta akan datang bagi memperbaiki kebolehcapaian kesemua aspek keselamatan jalan raya. Bidang yang berpotensi untuk dibangunkan termasuklah teknologi pengujian serta verifikasi, teknologi penghindaran kemalangan, teknologi mengurangkan kecederaan (dalam kemalangan), teknologi pemaduan kembali sosial (social reintegration technology-merujuk kepada teknologi respons pintar awal dan pemulihan) serta teknologi pengurusan dan perancangan strategik.

Kementerian Alam Sekitar dan Air pula telah membentangkan Hala Tuju Inovasi Teknologi Hijau Kebangsaan yang mensasarkan penggunaan teknologi hijau menjelang 2030 bagi memastikan kemampanan alam sekitar negara. Inovasi-inovasi sektoral di bawah pelan ini termasuk perolehan hijau kerajaan, teknologi grid pintar, proses perindustrian hijau, pengawasan sungai melalui Internet Segala Benda (IoT), skim Waste to Energy (WTE) and wealth, pengaplikasian bangunan hijau dan pintar, kenderaan cekap tenaga dan kenderaan elektrik, pertanian bandar serta IoT pengawasan hutan.

Akhir sekali, dalam kita mengadaptasi perubahan tingkah laku akibat COVID-19, saya telah meminta MOSTI menyediakan satu kertas kerja mengenai Inisiatif Infrastruktur dan Ekonomi Sentuhan Rendah. Ini memerlukan anjakan paradigma bukan sahaja dalam cara kita berinteraksi sesama sendiri, malahan dengan dunia secara keseluruhan. Antaranya termasuklah penggosok lantai berautonomi, robot pembantu (membawa barangan) dan sistem pengurusan sisa pintar di pasar-pasar awam. MOSTI juga telah melancarkan penggunaan robot di hospital dengan kerjasama KKM serta memulakan modul robotik, dron serta AI di ladang-ladang bersama FELDA. Beberapa inisiatif ini akan direalisasikan di bawah Sandbox Teknologi dan Inovasi Nasional (NTIS).

Kebanyakan progam, hala tuju dan dasar sedia ada selama ini telah dimajukan secara berasingan atau bersendirian oleh pelbagai kementerian dan agensi. Majlis High Tech Nation adalah permulaan baharu kepada cara kita membangun dan mengaplikasi teknologi dalam negara bagi memastikan segalanya selaras dan koheren dengan keperluan nasional.

KHAIRY JAMALUDDIN
MENTERI SAINS, TEKNOLOGI DAN INOVASI
18 DECEMBER 2020

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HIGH-TECH NATION COUNCIL WILL CHAMPION UPCOMING TECHNOLOGIES

Yesterday, I chaired the first High-Tech Nation Council meeting, which aims to give strategic direction regarding existing and upcoming technology that has the potential to be developed in Malaysia. The High-Tech Nation Council will report directly to the National Science Council, which is chaired by the Prime Minister.

The programmes, roadmaps and policies under the High-Tech Nation Council are driven by the mySTIE 10-10 and National Science, Technology and Innovation Policy 2021-2030 that I launched last week. 30 niche areas were identified under this framework, and the High-Tech Nation Council will aim to fill in any gaps we have identified to make sure that there is maximum impact in these areas.

This Council will be proactive and champion upcoming technologies that we need to embark on as a nation to position us at the forefront of what is current and what is cutting-edge.

I have chosen to prioritise some of the programmes, roadmaps and policies in line with pressing national needs.

Some of the papers presented yesterday include the Ministry of Health’s paper on precision medicine, which takes a personalised, predictive, preventive and participatory approach to medicine. This will be layered together with big-data analytics to give personalised recommendations to each person.

National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM) presented on the National Water Innovation Roadmap, to guarantee national water security. This involves five programmes; Clean River, Reserve Margin, Smart Water, Disaster Risk Reduction, and Water Financing.

The Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation presented nine roadmaps that are currently being developed under our agencies. All of these roadmaps will be unveiled by the middle of 2021. These roadmaps will guide our investments and policy direction in rolling out these technologies. They will cover: blockchain, nanotechnology, robotics, hydrogen, artificial intelligence, integrated circuits and advanced materials among others.

The Academy of Sciences presented on institutionalising a Tech-Commercialisation Accelerator, to spearhead and coordinate economic-oriented research in the form of demand-driven R&D and market-driven delivery systems for disruptive innovations. I will be announcing this in due course.

The Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS) also presented on Motorcycle Technology: Solving a Dilemma between Economic Development and Safety. 66% of the fatalities on the road involve motorcycles. We hope to incentive the development, application and deployment of existing and future technologies to improve accessibility and all aspects of road safety. Potential areas we are looking at include testing and verification technology, crash avoidance technology, injury mitigation technology (in event of crash), social reintegration technology (which refers to smart first response and rehabilitation technology), and management and strategic planning technology.

The Ministry of Environment and Water presented the National Green Technology Innovation Roadmap, which aims to leverage green technology innovation for an environmentally sustainable Malaysia by 2030. Sectoral innovations under this roadmap include government green procurement, smart grid technology, green industrial process, IoT river monitoring, Waste to Energy and Wealth schemes, application of smart and green buildings, energy efficiency vehicles & electric vehicles, vertical & urban farming, and IoT forest monitoring.

Lastly, but not least, in line with behavioural changes due to COVID-19, I asked MOSTI to prepare a paper on Low-Touch Infrastructure and Economic Initiatives. These will require a paradigm shift in how we look interact both with each other and the world around us. Some of the low-touch initiatives we have quickly identified include autonomous floor scrubbers, autonomous power assist robots (to carry your goods) and smart waste management systems in public markets. We’ve also launched robotics in hospitals together with MOH, and robotics, drones and artificial intelligence modules in plantations together with FELDA. Some of these initiatives will be realised via the National Technology & Innovation Sandbox.

Many of these programmes, roadmaps, and policies have existed and been implemented in silos by different ministries and agencies. This is just the start of how we relook at the development and application of technology in this country, to ensure everything is in line with our national needs and part of a coherent whole.

KHAIRY JAMALUDDIN
MINISTER OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION
18 DECEMBER 2020

Aria Audio Limited 雅詠音響有限公司

SOULNOTE加藤の「もう少し言っておきたい！」シリーズ その241

【S-3の対向ダブルトランス構造について】

前回、開発中のS-3の内部写真を公開しましたが、まず目につくのはデカイ電源トランスが2つ、しかもサイドに横向きに取り付けられていることだと思います。トータル500VAの重いトランスをサイドに取り付けるのは非常に組み立てにくいですし、いままで1筐体1トランスを貫いてきたSOULNOTEとしては異例のダブルトランスです。今回は、何故この構造にしたかを説明したいと思います。

まず、S-3の最大の使命は、メカニズム1体型で完結するデジタル再生機器の可能性を追求することにあります。つまりクロックが同期できて、最短で配線できるメリットを追求することです。これは以前述べたとおり。

当然ながら、メカニズム1体型のデメリットもあります。メカニズムの振動と電源へのモーターノイズ混入等の問題です。これに対する最適解が対向ダブルトランス構造なのです。

メカニズムの振動については、アルミ削り出しメカベースにスパイク足をダイレクトに取り付けることで、1点で振動を排出しつつ、メカニズムの位置を確定します。メカベースはフロントパネルのみに固定され、基板が取り付くボトムシャーシに直接触れさせ無いのがポイントです。

さて、3本スパイクのうち、1本をメカニズムに使いました。で、残り2本でトランスを支えるわけです。SOULNOTEとしては異例のダブルトランスですが、そのために万全の構造にしました。

その解説の前に、何故私が1筐体1トランスに拘っているのかをおさらいします。

ダブルトランスの最大のデメリットは、振動源がダブルになることで有害な振動やリーケージフラックスがさらに混変調されて、音が滲むことです。(私の個人的な感想です。)

そこで、ダブルトランスによる振動の混変調を避けるために、トランスベースを左右に分離して、それぞれのトランスベースに直接固定されたスパイク足で振動を排出します。またトランスベースによる音質への影響は非常に大きいので、ここは細心のチューニングを施しました。ポイントはダンプをしないで共振を防ぐことにあります。そのためにトライ&エラーを繰り返し、厚みの違う2枚のアルミブロックをチタン製スペーサーで3点でフローティング固定することで最高の結果を得ました。外観のサイドパネルがそれです。単なる意匠ではありません。

またトランスを横向き対向配置する理由は、トロイダルトランスから出るリーケージフラックスの進行方向を基板やメカニズム、あるいはメカニズムから伸びるフレキシブルケーブルと「並行にする」ことにあります。これはE-2のMC基板の配置で抜群の効果を発揮しましたが、その応用です。

また、電源トランスをアナログとデジタルに分け、さらに2次巻線を細分化(トータル11巻線)とすることで、メカニズムによる有害な電源ノイズの特にアナログ電源への混入を排除できました。フロントから見て右側の250VAトランスはType-R 回路専用です。無帰還回路は電源も無帰還ですから、この独立トランスが威力を発揮しています。

パワーアンプを別物に化けさせる圧倒的な駆動力は、このType-R 専用トランスの賜物なのです。
Soulnote Kato's " I want to say a little more!" series part 241

[about the oncoming double trance structure of s-3]

Last time I published an internal photo of s-3 in development, I think that the first one is a big power transmission, and it is installed sideways on the side. It is very hard to assemble the heavy trance of total 500 VA to the side, and it is an unusual double trance as a soulnote that has been pierced by 1 cabinets. This time, I would like to explain why I made this structure.

First of all, the s-3 biggest mission is to pursue the possibility of a digital regeneration device that will be completed in a mechanism 1 body. In other words, the clock is synchronized, and it is to pursue the benefits that can be wiring at the shortest time. This is what I used to say.

Of course, there is also a disadvantages of the mechanism of 1 bodies. A problem with the vibration of the mechanism and motor noise mixing to the power supply. The Optimal Solution for this is an oncoming double trance structure.

For the vibration of the mechanism, you can attach the spike feet directly to the aluminum sharpener mecha base, and it will determine the position of the mechanism while venting the vibration in 1 points. The mecha base is fixed on the front panel, and it is the point that the board does not touch the bottom chassis directly.

Well, I used one of the 3 Spikes for the mechanism. So we can support the trance with 2 remaining. It's an unusual double trance as a soulnote, but it's a complete structure for that.

Before the commentary, I'll take a look at why I'm holding a 1 CABINET 1 Trance.

The biggest disadvantages of double trance are that the vibration source becomes double, the harmful vibration and the lee cage flux are even more mixed up, and the sound is shènmu. (my personal impressions. )))))))

So, to avoid the mixed modulation of vibration by double trance, separate the trance base to the left and right, and drain the vibration with the spike feet directly fixed to each trance base. Also, the impact of trance-based sound quality is very big, so here is a close tuning. Point is to prevent resonance without dump. That's why we repeated the try & error, and we got the best result by floating a 2-Piece Aluminum Block with a titanium spacer with a titanium spacer. The side panel of the look is that. It's not just a design.

Also, the reason why the trance is sideways, is about the progression of the lee cage flux from the troi trance, and the flexible cable that stretches from the mechanism, and the flexible cable that stretches from the mechanism. This has been an excellent effect on the placement of the e-2 MC Board, but it is the application.

In addition, the power trance is divided into analog and digital, and the 2nd volume line is subdivided (total 11 volumes), and it is possible to eliminate the laced of the analog power of the harmful power noise by the mechanism. I'm here. From the front, the 250 VA trance on the right side is exclusive to type-R circuit. This independent trance is in power because the electric circuits are no longer power.

The overwhelming powered power that makes power amps different, is the gift of this type-R exclusive trance.Translated

GRANDIOSO K1X

"Two revolutions integrated. Two revolutions connecting people to music... The VRDS-ATLAS and Master Sound Discrete DAC - now come to fruition in an integrated player that carries the name… Grandioso ( Grandioso (music): Grand or noble)."

An unprecedented transport mechanism that invites you to the furthest reaches of sound.

VRDS (Vibration-Free Rigid Disc-Clamping System) is Esoteric's unique CD/Super Audio CD transport technology, which has been specially designed to clamp the disc to a same-diameter turntable in order to eliminate the disc's rotational vibration, as well as any extraneous vibration emanating from the mechanism itself. It also corrects any warpage of the disc, dramatically improving the accuracy of both the optical pickup and the disc pit layer's corresponding optical axis, while also minimizing servo current. This all adds up to dramatically reduced disc read error for exceptional audio quality.

The new VRDS-ATLAS platform boasts unprecedented mechanical perfection and superlative audio quality, with heavyweight construction that is fully 127% heavier than previous iterations (6.6kg for the mechanism alone, and 13.5kg including its base). This highest rigidity and weight in the history of VRDS mechanisms has the effect of greatly reducing any and all vibration that could adversely affect audio quality. The transport's larger new side panels and bridge are all formed of SS400 steel, and its turntable is made from duralumin, which is renowned for its excellent sound quality. Also, its spindle features a newly designed thrust bearing system, for a friction-free one-point spindle support system that ensures smooth, noiseless turntable rotation.

Esoteric's impressive VRDS-ATLAS is the quietest and most elegant transport in the history of VRDS. The key to achieving this was a resolute focus on mechanical grounding technology that more effectively reduces vibration.

Adopting a wide & low-profile design for the entire mechanism helped achieve a lower center-of-gravity, and relocating the turntable motor to below the turntable from its previous position above the bridge dramatically shortened the route for grounding vibration and reducing mechanical noise. Tray hollowing has also been minimized for increased rigidity, and special stoppers made from vibration-absorbing elastomer cancel out resonance when the tray is stored.

The Grandioso K1's mighty power supply was the key to its powerful and profound three-dimensional sound. With the introduction of its new X version, this power supply has been dramatically enhanced to add further depth to its exceptional audio tone. Its built-in D/A converter features independent power transformers for left and right channels, and the K1X includes a total of four independent toroidal power supply transformers. Furthermore, technologies cultivated in the development of the Grandioso P1X/D1X have also been adopted, including a new low-feedback DC power supply regulator featuring a discrete circuit configuration which contributes to its powerful open sound. The K1X also contains a total of 76 EDLC* supercapacitors (with a total capacity of 2,050,000µF or 2.05F). This greatly increased power supply capacity provides a tremendously improved sound quality for exceptional resolution in the lower frequency ranges.

*EDLC (Electric Double-Layer Capacitor):A special type of capacitor boasting an astoundingly high capacity compared to the electrolytic capacitors used in conventional audio equipment.

The VRDS-ATLAS transport mechanism is centrally located within the chassis, where it is fixed to a 5mm-thick steel bottom plate and supported by four proprietary pinpoint feet (patent no. 4075477 and 3778108). This effectively isolates the rotational mechanism from vibration. The internal structure of the chassis features a double deck design, with the audio boards on the upper level and power supply circuits and transformers on the lower level to minimize magnetic flux leakage and vibration, while also shortening the power supply wiring.

Semi-Floating Top Panel

The enclosure's top panel utilizes a screwless semi-floating structure that further contributes to an open and expansive sound.

Master Sound Discrete DAC

Bringing out all the dynamics and energy of the original master recordings.

Master Sound Discrete DAC Bringing out all the dynamics and energy of music.

Unattainable by integrated chips, our goal was to assemble carefully selected and tested discrete components into a complete circuit that could perfectly reproduce all the dynamics and energy of music. Our top engineering teams put their pride on the line to design and produce a quality of sound that can only be found in the Master Sound Discrete DAC discrete D/A converter.

The K1X's Master Sound Discrete DAC is the most revolutionary two-channel stereo DAC circuit in Esoteric's history, and is based on the original circuit developed for the Grandioso D1X monaural D/A converter.

As an extension of the D1X's design philosophy, a luxurious volume of materials have been invested in the construction of K1X's Master Sound Discrete DAC. For example, it features 32 separate elements for each channel. Key components such as a clock driver, logic circuit, and capacitors and resistors, are kept independent for each of these 32 elements to ensure the purest output without no loss of musical energy.

The K1X's independently developed Δ∑ modulator supports 64-bit/512Fs and the latest high-end digital formats, including of 22.5MHz DSD and 768kHz PCM signals. The FPGA's* dedicated digital processing algorithm was developed exclusively for the Master Sound Discrete DAC, and has been fully optimized for outstanding playback of both DSD and PCM digital audio data.

Advanced Quality Control

With a discrete DAC, where component tolerances are directly linked to arithmetic precision, highly advanced quality control is also required for the manufacture of electronic circuit boards. Esoteric's own in-house factory boasts some of the world's leading board mounting technologies, such as soldering performed in an oxygen-free furnace, which is located in a clean room featuring the same level of cleanliness found in a hospital operating room. Technologies cultivated in the production of electronic circuit boards for audio, medical, aerospace, and defense industries support the high production quality of the Master Sound Discrete DAC.

The ESOTERIC-HCLD output buffer amplifier boasts an amazingly high-speed slew rate (response speed) of 2,000V/µs. Current transmission and speed—the most important factors for an analog output circuit—have been pushed to the limits to reproduce the reality of music with a dynamic range that is truly breathtaking.

In addition to its XLR and RCA amplifier line connections, the K1X also features the ES-LINK Analog method of current transmission. Taking full advantage of the HCLD buffer circuit's powerful current supply makes the K1X less susceptible to the detrimental effects of impedance on the signal route. It also enables a more powerful signal transmission, fully driving connected compatible devices.

A high-accuracy clock circuit is the key to achieving superlative sound quality in digital audio playback. A top-quality clock circuit is truly the heart of any high-end digital player. The K1X now features the superb Grandioso Custom VCXO II clock originally developed for the Grandioso P1X/D1X. This clock was developed with carefully considered modifications made to the earlier model's internal circuitry and components to more vividly emphasize the K1X's ultimate audio quality while further boasting remarkably low phase noise and excellent center precision (±0.5ppm).

The K1X can also be connected to the Grandioso G1 Master Clock Generator for playback, with internal circuits synchronized to a 10MHz clock that features the same high precision as an atomic clock, enabling further pursuit of high sound quality.

D/A Converter Functions for External Input, D/D Conversion, MQA Support & USB Input

In addition to its coaxial and optical inputs, the K1X also features a USB type-B port that is compatible with both 22.5MHz DSD and 768kHz/32-bit PCM asynchronous signal transmission, thus enabling it to also be used as a stand-alone D/A converter. Functions are provided for upsampling a PCM digital signal to 2/4/8/16× (max. 768kHz) and converting PCM to DSD. The K1X is also compatible with MQA-CD decode playback and full MQA decoding for playback of various digital inputs including USB.*

*MQA certification is pending as of August, 2019, and support is scheduled to be added via a software update as soon as certification is complete.

(Source: Esoteric Japan)

Section IV Electricity and Magnetism
4.2.1 Circuits
Internal Resistance of a Source

Section IV Electricity and Magnetism
4.2.1 Circuits
Series and Parallel Circuit

Section IV Electricity and Magnetism
4.2.1 Circuits
Electrical Energy and Electromotive Force