TỪ VỰNG IELTS - HAVING CHILDREN LATER IN LIFE [Kèm ví dụ]
- miscarriage/ complications: sẩy thai/ biến chứng (trong thời kỳ thai sản)
- to experience health problems during pregnancy: gặp các vấn đề sức khỏe khi mang thai
- to be difficult to conceive/ become pregnancy: khó thụ thai / mang thai
- to delay parenthood until…: trì hoãn việc làm cha mẹ cho đến khi …
- to reach higher education levels: đạt trình độ học vấn cao hơn
- improved methods of contraception: các phương pháp tránh thai được cải tiến
- lack of childcare: thiếu dịch vụ chăm sóc trẻ em
- economic & housing uncertainty: sự không ổn định về kinh tế và chỗ ở
- to go through pregnancy later in life: mang thai trễ
- a baby with Down syndrome: em bé mắc Hội chứng Down
- maternal age: độ tuổi sinh sản
- to prioritise education and career: ưu tiên giáo dục và nghề nghiệp
- life’s milestones: các cột mốc của cuộc đời
- to be financially stable/ secure: ổn định / an toàn về tài chính
- to be less stressed about income: bớt căng thẳng về thu nhập
- to pursue advanced degrees: theo đuổi các bằng cấp cao
- to have a healthy baby: sinh được một em bé khỏe mạnh
- chances of fertility: cơ hội sinh sản
- to give birth to a child with genetic disorder: sinh ra một đứa trẻ bị rối loạn di truyền
- to freeze their eggs before the age of 35: đông lạnh trứng của họ trước 35 tuổi
- at an older age: lớn tuổi
- to climb the career ladder / climb the corporate ladder: leo lên nấc thang sự nghiệp
- the availability of contraceptives: sự sẵn có của các biện pháp tránh thai
- to be financially ready to raise children: sẵn sàng về tài chính để nuôi con
- the high cost of raising a child: chi phí cao để nuôi dạy một đứa trẻ
PHẦN VÍ DỤ: https://ielts-nguyenhuyen.com/tu-vung-ielts-having-children-later-in-life/
#ieltsnguyenhuyen
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過3萬的網紅POPA Channel,也在其Youtube影片中提到,之前我們曾嘗試從 BB 的角度出發,看看他們來到這個世界每日面對的新挑戰,但對新手父母而言,日以繼夜、夜以繼日地照顧小朋友,又何嘗不是天天面對不同難關?身心俱疲之餘,部份父母更會為了小朋友放棄自己的嗜好、減少出席朋友聚會等等,你以為會換來美好的親子關係,有助小朋友成長,但事實又是否這樣? 參考資料...
maternal health 在 Facebook 的最佳解答
【龍姑娘話健康】哺乳期媽媽是否適合打疫苗?
母乳哺育對於孩子的健康大有好處,除了因為它是嬰兒最好的營養來源,以及是唯一提供初生嬰兒最初六個月所有必需(包括:營養素、水份、磺物質)之外,最常被提及的便是母乳能提供給孩子的免疫力。
孩子在出生後,便會接觸到環境中的各種菌類,由於母親也在同一個環境生活多年,對於生活圈裡的菌類已經有一定熟悉度,故嬰兒只有透過即時的與母親接觸並吸啜母乳,獲取母親那富含抗體及生物活性物質的「黃金初乳」,才能為孩子提供最及時及最合適的免疫保護。
新型冠狀病毒近年在全球肆虐,提供免疫力成了全球炙手可熱的話題。然而,可幸的是,成年人一般能透過施打疫苗,獲得不錯的免疫保護,,但嬰幼兒卻還沒有足夠的研究數據作為基礎的疫苗可以接種,這不禁讓許多家長擔心自己的孩子會染“疫”。全球各地不少專家學者已著手對接種疫苗後媽媽母乳的安全性進行研究,研究針對疫苗對母體、奶量、乳汁內抗體等各方面所造成的影響。
有專家於本年4月,在極具權威的期刊JAMA上,分享哺乳期的母親在接種Pfizer-BioNTech新型冠狀病毒疫苗後的研究報告,在參與研究的受試者的母乳中並沒有發現病毒,所有母親或嬰兒也並未出現嚴重不良事件。相反,在母親接種疫苗六周內,母乳中的抗體水平大大提高,顯示對嬰兒具有潛在的保護作用。逐漸的,更多的研究都開始關注疫苗與抗體的關係,本年六月亦有類似的科學實證,相關討論中亦有類似見解,這些研究令許多學者為之鼓舞。
在世界衛生組織網頁關於COVID-19和相關健康主題的問題中,並不建議接種疫苗的婦女停止母乳餵哺,強調自身做好防疫措施的前提下,餵哺母乳仍然是安全的行為,亦可透過抗體保護嬰兒。中國內地的指引亦提出,在考慮到母乳餵養對嬰幼兒營養和健康的重要性,並在參考國際通行做法後,仍然建議高染疫風險的哺乳期女性在接種新冠病疫苗後繼續母乳餵養。有鑒於此,筆者建議哺乳期女性,可諮詢專科專業醫生關於疫苗的最新科研情況,在充份知情後,以循證醫學為基礎,以安全為最大考量,慎重評估風險及平衡利弊後作出對自己、對家人、對嬰兒最好旳選擇。
#各地都積極提高疫苗接種率
#衛生部門也提倡施打疫苗是對抗新型冠狀病毒最好的方法
參考資料:
• Mclaurin-Jiang, S., Garner, C. D., Krutsch, K., & Hale, T. W. (2021). Maternal and Child Symptoms Following COVID-19 Vaccination Among Breastfeeding Mothers. Breastfeeding Medicine. doi:10.1089/bfm.2021.0079
• Katarzyna Jakuszko, Katarzyna Kościelska-Kasprzak, Marcelina Żabińska. Immune Response to Vaccination against COVID-19 in Breastfeeding Health Workers. June 2021. Vaccines 9(6):663
• World Health Organization, https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-breastfeeding
maternal health 在 林時羽醫師 試管嬰兒 不孕症 生殖醫學 Facebook 的最佳貼文
❓醫生,我該不該打COVID-19 疫苗❓
最近,台灣疫情持續三級。許多 備孕中、懷孕中、哺乳中的朋友紛紛詢問,是否可以接種疫苗?疫苗原本的設計與產出,就是為了 緩解疫情、中斷傳遞鏈、保障民眾的健康、維持人類社會文明。因此,「接種疫苗」的策略本身是沒有疑慮的。如今,會有這樣的提問,最主要的原因是,當初各種疫苗臨床試驗都刻意避開 備孕中、懷孕中、哺乳中的族群, 導致無法有足夠的臨床數據,來說明這些族群施打的安全性。
當醫生給予病人諮詢意見時,必須遵循醫學倫理的準則。即 行善原則:在實證、嚴謹、透明和負責的臨床判斷下,醫師提供給病人的臨床處置必須 在預期上 會帶給病人臨床利益的。同時,也要尊重病人的自主權:也就是,透過提供給病人這些善意的臨床判斷訊息,要能夠讓患者就其病情的臨床處置,做出知情和自願的決定。並且,也應遵循謹慎原則:即 當對危險有疑問時,應想辦法預防危險、謹慎行事。
於是乎,世界上不同的政府、不同的專業醫學會,依據醫學倫理的認知與控制疫情的著眼點,對於這三類族群是否施打疫苗,也有不盡相同的指引。
🎈美國疾病管理局(CDC)宣布:如果 被建議接種COVID-19 疫苗的民眾,恰巧又懷孕,可以接種。若有問題,與醫師討論。
🎈美國婦產科醫學會:懷孕中、哺乳中的民眾, 如果在優先接種名單中,可以接種COVID-19 疫苗。
🎈母嬰醫學會(SMFM):懷孕中、哺乳中的民眾, 如果合乎接種COVID-19 疫苗 的條件, 應予施打。
🎈美國生殖醫學會(ASRM):接受不孕症治療或懷孕中的病人,應該被鼓勵接種疫苗。但是,在諮詢時,仍應考量醫學倫理的原則,即自主權原則、行善原則、 不傷害原則。
🎈加拿大婦產科醫學會(SOGC):對懷孕中或哺乳中的民眾,如果不接種COVID-19疫苗的危險機率超過接種的危險機率的話,就應該接種。
🎈奧地利:懷孕或哺乳中的婦女不應該接種COVID-19疫苗。但是其配偶應該接種。
🎈法國:懷孕中的婦女不建議接種,因為安全的資訊仍不足夠。
🎈德國:因為資訊仍嫌不足,懷孕中或哺乳中的婦女必須經過利與弊的評估後,才給予建議。
🎈英國:先前看法,孕婦不應該接種(as of December 30, 2020)。現在的看法,如果孕婦屬於高危險群,應該與醫師討論,考量是否接種。
🎈紐西蘭:孕婦應該延後接種。
🎈以色列:備孕中、懷孕中、哺乳中的婦女應該接種COVID-19疫苗。
🎈日本:因為疫苗的安全資訊不足,孕婦不建議施打。
🎈世界衛生組織 (WHO):如果是孕婦並且是高危險族群,與醫師討論後,決定是否接種COVID-19疫苗。
✅ 歐洲生殖醫學會 (ESHRE) 與時俱進,於這個月(June 2021) 更新了指引。 對於疫苗的施打,從較謹慎,變成較寬鬆,的建議。大家可以參考我以下的 slides。
[參考文獻]:
1. Adhikari EH and Spong CY. COVID-19 Vaccination in Pregnant and Lactating Women. JAMA 2021: 325; 1039-1040.
2. Beharier O, Plitman Mayo R, Raz T, Nahum Sacks K, Schreiber L, Suissa-Cohen Y, Chen R, Gomez-Tolub R, Hadar E, Gabbay-Benziv R, et al. Efficient maternal to neonatal transfer of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. J Clin Invest 2021.
3. Chervenak FA, McCullough LB, Bornstein E, Johnson L, Katz A, McLeod-Sordjan R, Nimaroff M, Rochelson BL, Tekbali A, Warman A, et al. Professionally responsible coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination counseling of obstetrical and gynecologic patients. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021: 224; 470-478.
4. Chmielewska B, Barratt I, Townsend R, Kalafat E, van der Meulen J, Gurol-Urganci I, O'Brien P, Morris E, Draycott T, Thangaratinam S, et al. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health 2021: 9; e759-e772.
5. Collier AY, McMahan K, Yu J, Tostanoski LH, Aguayo R, Ansel J, Chandrashekar A, Patel S, Apraku Bondzie E, Sellers D, et al. Immunogenicity of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines in Pregnant and Lactating Women. JAMA 2021.
6. Cosma S, Carosso AR, Corcione S, Cusato J, Borella F, Antonucci M, Marozio L, Revelli A, Preti M, Ghisetti V, et al. Longitudinal analysis of antibody response following SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy: From the first trimester to delivery. J Reprod Immunol 2021: 144; 103285.
7. Davanzo R, Agosti M, Cetin I, Chiantera A, Corsello G, Ramenghi LA, Staiano A, Tavio M, Villani A, Viora E, et al. Breastfeeding and COVID-19 vaccination: position statement of the Italian scientific societies. Ital J Pediatr 2021: 47; 45.
8. Male V. Are COVID-19 vaccines safe in pregnancy? Nat Rev Immunol 2021: 21; 200-201.
9. Shimabukuro TT, Kim SY, Myers TR, Moro PL, Oduyebo T, Panagiotakopoulos L, Marquez PL, Olson CK, Liu R, Chang KT, et al. Preliminary Findings of mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine Safety in Pregnant Persons. N Engl J Med 2021.
10. Stafford IA, Parchem JG, and Sibai BM. The coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine in pregnancy: risks, benefits, and recommendations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021: 224; 484-495.
11. ESHRE : COVID-19 vaccination and assisted reproduction – update June 2021
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林時羽醫師の合好之旅 – 向不孕告別
http://www.xn--kjvo3a634c.com/
#試管嬰兒 #胚胎植入 #療程 #林時羽 #醫師 #SuccessIVF #防疫 #疫情 #三級 #COVID19 #疫苗
maternal health 在 POPA Channel Youtube 的最佳解答
之前我們曾嘗試從 BB 的角度出發,看看他們來到這個世界每日面對的新挑戰,但對新手父母而言,日以繼夜、夜以繼日地照顧小朋友,又何嘗不是天天面對不同難關?身心俱疲之餘,部份父母更會為了小朋友放棄自己的嗜好、減少出席朋友聚會等等,你以為會換來美好的親子關係,有助小朋友成長,但事實又是否這樣?
參考資料
Chau, V., & Giallo, R. (2014). The relationship between parental fatigue, parenting self-efficacy and behaviour: Implications for supporting parents in the early parenting period. Child: Care, Health and Development, 626-633.
Cooklin, A., Giallo, R., & Rose, N. (2011). Parental fatigue and parenting practices during early childhood: An Australian community survey. Child: Care, Health and Development Child Care Health Dev, 654-664.
Lesniowska, R., Gent, A., & Watson, S. (2015). Maternal fatigue, parenting self-efficacy, and overreactive discipline during the early childhood years: A test of a mediation model. Clinical Psychologist Clin Psychol.
Dunning, M., Seymour, M., Cooklin, A., & Giallo, R. (n.d.). Wide Awake Parenting: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of a parenting program for the management of post-partum fatigue. BMC Public Health, 26-26.
Weaver, C., Shaw, D., Dishion, T., & Wilson, M. (n.d.). Parenting self-efficacy and problem behavior in children at high risk for early conduct problems: The mediating role of maternal depression. Infant Behavior and Development, 594-605.
Rizzo, K. M., Schiffrin, H. H., & Liss, M. (2012). Insight into the Parenthood Paradox: Mental Health Outcomes of Intensive Mothering. Journal of Child and Family Studies J Child Fam Stud, 22(5), 614-620.
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maternal health 在 Maternal health | United Nations Population Fund 的相關結果
According to the most recent data, approximately 808 women die every day from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth. This is about one woman ... ... <看更多>
maternal health 在 Maternal health - Wikipedia 的相關結果
Maternal health is the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. It encompasses the health care dimensions of family planning ... ... <看更多>
maternal health 在 Maternal health - WHO | World Health Organization 的相關結果
Maternal health refers to the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth and the postnatal period. Each stage should be a positive experience, ... ... <看更多>