關於 no rules意思 ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

「微解封」的英文怎麼說？

最近有蠻多同學寫信來詢問這個問題。

📌 首先，這是ＣＤＣ對「微解封」的聲明：

網傳「三級警戒微解封的不可思議之處」指揮中心：原同住家人就不受限制，謠言邏輯誤導且比喻失當，請勿輕信轉傳，造成防疫困擾。

完整公告請參考：https://bit.ly/3wHPQHT

★★★★★★★★★★★★

好，回到主題。

首先，我們知道解除疫情封鎖的英文是「lift COVID-19 restrictions」。

📌 lift (v.) 解除 （封鎖⋯⋯）

「lift」這個字有許多意思，這裡作為動詞使用，意思是：

to end a rule or law 取消、撤銷規定或法律

• The restrictions on water usage have been lifted now that the river levels are normal.

河水的水位已經恢復正常，因此用水限制被取消了。

• At last they've lifted the ban on jeans at the club.

最終他們取消了在俱樂部禁止穿牛仔褲的規定。

詳見劍橋詞典：https://bit.ly/3yKMzIZ

ᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯ

📌「lift」在新聞稿中，也常被用來敘述解除與疫情封鎖相關的法令與措施：

• Scotland is due to move to Covid level 0 on 19 July, with most legal restrictions lifted on 9 August.

蘇格蘭將於７月１９日降至０級警戒，絕大多數的法律限制將於８月９日解除。

• The lifting of most Covid guidance and legal restrictions in England is expected on 19 July.

英格蘭絕大多數的新冠肺炎指示與法律限制預計將於 7 月 19 日解除。

——BBC

來源：https://bbc.in/36r8kS2

ᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯ

• Is it wise to lift England’s Covid restrictions fully?

英國對新冠肺炎全面解封是否明智？

—— The Guardian

來源：https://bit.ly/3e6m6h6

ᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯ

• Boris Johnson says England on track to lift Covid restrictions and rules on mask-wearing.

強森表示，英格蘭有望解除戴口罩的限制與規定。

• He said that regulations mandating face masks would be lifted and people would no longer be instructed to work from home.

他說，將解除強制戴口罩的規定，民眾亦無須在家工作。

——CNBC

來源：https://cnb.cx/3xANqf4

ᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯᕯ

• All across the country, mask mandates have eased, restrictions have lifted and most states have gone back to business as usual.

全國各地已放寬戴口罩的規定，限制已經解除，各州多已恢復正常營業。

• A state is considered fully reopened once it has lifted all specific restrictions on businesses statewide.

一旦該州解除對商業活動的所有特殊限制，就會被視為全面重啟。

——NY TIMES

來源：https://nyti.ms/3wyK9vq

★★★★★★★★★★★★

那為「微」解封到底該怎麼說？

在此一語境中，媒體常見的說法有下列幾種：

📌 1. loosen restrictions 放寬限制

loosen (v.) 鬆開，使…放鬆

• France and Belgium loosen Covid restrictions for summer.

法國與比利時放寬了夏季的新冠肺炎限制。

——BBC

來源：https://bbc.in/3hxEG3X

• Chile will loosen restrictions against the coronavirus for residents who are fully vaccinated.

智利將對已完成疫苗接種的居民放寬新冠肺炎的限制。

——Bloomberg

來源：https://bloom.bg/3e8XqEL

★★★★★★★★★★★★

📌 2. ease rules/restrictions 放寬規定／限制

ease (v.) 減輕；減低；緩解

• Belgium is also easing its rules to allow indoor dining at cafes and restaurants.

比利時還放寬規定，允許於咖啡館與餐廳內用餐。

• While promoting the easing of restrictions on Tuesday, President Emmanuel Macron was slapped during a visit to a hotel school in the south east of France.

週二，在推動鬆綁限制的同時，法國總統馬克宏在參訪法國東南部的一所飯店學院時挨了一巴掌。

——BBC

來源：https://bbc.in/3hxEG3X

• U.S. Retail Sales Forecast Rises Sharply as Covid-19 Restrictions Ease

隨著新冠肺炎限制的鬆綁，美國銷售預估驟升。

——WSJ

來源：https://on.wsj.com/3k4kJDB

• As restrictions ease, glimpses of a pre-pandemic world have begun to reappear.

隨著限制的鬆綁，世界在疫情前的些許景象開始重現。

—— The Economist

來源：https://econ.st/3hz5ZuS

★★★★★★★★★★★★

📌 3. partially lift restrictions 部分解除限制

• Taiwan’s CECC considers partially lifting Level 3 restrictions from July 12.

臺灣的中央流行疫情指揮中心考慮自７月１２日起部分解除３級警戒。

——Taiwan News

來源：https://bit.ly/36ybljm

• While many cultural attractions in France were reopening on Wednesday as coronavirus restrictions were partially lifted.

儘管只解除了部分新冠病毒的限制，法國的許多人文景點已於週三重新開放。

——NY Times

來源：https://nyti.ms/3hR6cIE

★★★★★★★★★★★★

📌 若要講得更細的話，可用以表達欲終止特定措施與法令：

• Other changes include an end to rules on working from home, although employers will have to agree the number of days staff come into the office in advance.

其他改變包括終止在家工作的規定，但雇主須提前同意員工待在辦公室的天數。

——BBC

來源：https://bbc.in/3hxEG3X

要全面重啟的話也可以使用「fully reopen」：

• In the few states that have yet to fully reopen, governors have set targets for doing so based on vaccination rates or other health measures.

在少數幾個尚未全面重啟的州裡，州長們已根據疫苗接種率或其他健康評估，設定了全面重啟的指標。

——NY Times

來源：https://nyti.ms/3wyK9vq

★★★★★★★★★★★★

📌 然而，表達或翻譯一個複雜的概念，須先參考語境（context）與語域（register）。如此，在詮釋時才可能提供完整且精準的表達。

context與register 的定義: https://bit.ly/2SsdxTg

最後，與疫情相關的資訊可至ＣＤＣ官網查證：https://www.cdc.gov.tw/

如果還有其他用英文表達「微解封」的方式，也歡迎到下方留言與我們分享～

★★★★★★★★★★★★

防疫相關的「時事英文」：https://bit.ly/2RWgfD3

英文學習「生態系」: https://bit.ly/2VvSfIE

圖片出處: Google Images

《回應連登仔 能者多努 話我英文廢，憑咩教人》

一定有followers話，Tiffany其實你已經做得好好，唔需要為呢啲hater煩心。我知道。但我想藉此討論下香港學英文風氣嘅問題，因為香港學英文同教英文嘅風氣真係好有問題。

1）50000人follow就算上位？
Po主好介意我英文咁廢，都有50000幾60000人訂閱我channel。

唔好傻啦，我地啲片平均幾千到萬幾人睇，其實我有咩影響力丫。

2）我唔係聖人，我英文都會錯。
的確，睇番你改我篇文，如果我唔寫could have spent呢一句，文句的確會容易明啲。其實我當時係想講could have spent more wisely；再加上當時寫文係DSE之後，我覺得學生本身可以花喺理解英文嘅時間花咗喺背誦度，所以我先咁寫。

Inculcate呢個字我用得唔好，其實講cultivate或者foster會好好多，brain fog寫錯，多謝你指正。

曾經有學生同我講software唔加s，我先突然恍然大悟省起，係wor，software唔加s。

我冇話自己勁，亦冇話自己唔會錯，不過我可以將生活裡面都八九成思考嘅嘢，都可以同舒服用英文講。我覺得呢樣嘢，比起錯唔錯緊要好多。

3）有時算錯定唔算錯，係主觀嘅

“能者多努”話我唔可以講Teachers either don’t have the time, resources, permission, or expertise (cultural, literary and general knowledge)Teachers either don’t have the time, resources, permission, or expertise (cultural, literary and general knowledge) to
foster real and two-way interchange among students. They resort to imparting knowledge through lecturing,
to make English lessons interesting, engaging or even exciting.

因為either or只可以跟either A or B，其實喺informal contexts，好多人都會講either A, B, C or D。呢篇文只係一篇listacles，我簡單抒發己見，唔預學生睇，當我要教either or呢個conjunction我當然唔會舉either A, B, C or D咁嘅例子。

就好似both呢個字，傳統想要講Both A & B，如果要講三個或以上items，理論上要講all A, B and C。但現代英文裡面，大家都會講 both A, B and C。

如果你大學有讀descriptivism同prescriptivism嘅分別，應該會明白。

4）Youtube同社交媒體都係產業，我好相信quality follows quantity，所以我每個禮拜都出緊大量內容

或者你會覺得咁樣係誤人子弟，但我好相信我每出一篇文同一條片，學生都係係咁綺larp兩眼，因為我地世界步伐太快，佢地唔會當我每條片同每篇文章係精讀篇章咁「倫」。

當我每個禮拜都推出內容，我出咩錯嘅時候自然就會有觀眾出黎指正我，呢樣嘢我不嬲都好歡迎，我會心心晒佢地啲comment。

當一個禮拜出緊>5 Medium文；3套Youtube片；2集podcast；2篇email newsletter同>10嘅IG post嘅時候，雖然我儘量避免，但忙中有錯係必然。

如果你覺得能夠做到咁樣製作內容嘅速度，加上有你滿意嘅英文水平嘅人，可以喺Youtube出樣教英文？如果你識得有咁嘅人，希望你介紹比我識。

5）回應世界英文資源咁多，多我一個唔多；少我一個唔少

我自己好相信我嘅分享有用；而我呢個信念亦得到我好多嘅followers確認，我先會繼續做落去。

如果我冇我嘅存在價值，我相信好難做到多人訂閱。因為Youtube係一個競爭激烈嘅空間，演算法係民主嘅。有英文channel係教英文嘅，但好多都係用普通話或者英文。English with Lucy、Papa Teach me、English Like A Native，普通話嘅有阿滴英文等等，呢啲頻道我全部都有睇，佢地當然有佢地嘅作用。但我覺得自己channel嘅價值在於聯繫香港同亞洲文化落英文度，我覺得咁先可以令學生原本唔鍾意英文，變成發現英文同佢地有興趣嘅嘢其實好有關係。

有一句說話係咁講嘅：No one can do what you do, the way you do it。唔好成日集中精神喺人地叻唔叻，留意下人地幫唔幫到人。呢個世界已經夠黑暗，可唔可以欣賞下會攞個心出黎幫人嘅人，幫唔幫到人，而唔係人地有冇資格；叻唔叻？

6）呢個世界唔係你踩其他人，人地就會認同你叻
就算我同其他教英文嘅人，包括蕭叔叔、阿滴英文、馬米高、English Lesson for Freedom、Miss Charlotte、哥倫布等等嘅教學理念未必完全一樣，我從來冇走去踩佢地。

如果一定要搵，每個人嘅英文同知識面都一定會搵到可以挑剔嘅地方，但係咪代表我需要搵佢地錯誤出黎挑機同批評？

我從來冇咁做，除咗因為我focus on我自己做好之外，因為我知道佢地做嘅嘢最起碼都係啱多於錯；幫到人多於害到人。

我唔會嘗試批評佢地，顯出我自己幾叻，無論佢地教英文係為興趣定牟利都好，我覺得最緊要大家個mission有意義；做嘅範疇係自己鍾意，能力範圍內儘量做好，已經好好。

7）你話我屋邨英文水平，唔同我有IB同拔萃學生黎搵我教佢地Eng lit，又同你講咩？

又唔通，我走去Youtube教IB英文咩？會唔會有人睇？會唔會有說服力？唔通我UE A CE 5*又同你不斷同你講咩。

唔同有band 1學生走黎比我我幫佢地出mock卷，我又同你講？

有咩意思？

人地只覺得我精英主義同show quali。

8）香港，需要唔怕錯，勇於表達嘅老師

我覺得香港嘅老師真係好怕錯；學生都係，當老師咁怕錯，點說服學生唔怕錯？

因為香港太多鍾意品評其他人英文嘅唔出樣但寸寸貢嘅鍵盤戰士，所以好多英文老師怕比人捉到錯處，而唔拍片。再加上Youtube動輒會有幾廿萬人睇到你犯錯，好多人都承受唔到呢個心理壓力。

我曾經去過香港Google嘅event同教師分享點做Youtube，我覺得就係呢種熱愛批評嘅態度，令到好多教育工作者都唔敢拍片。

英文，唔應該係用黎突顯自己英文有幾叻；自己有幾叻；英文係一個工具比我地更加豐富咁表達自己同睇呢個世界。

9）我冇睇唔起香港嘅日校英文老師，請你唔好亂咁解讀。
我話明好多英文老師冇時間培養香港學生對英文嘅興趣，因為好多時學校冇呢個自由度比佢地；至於expertise，一定有啲老師都係喺expertise上面有欠缺的，只不過呢個唔代表呢個一定係佢地錯，又或者佢地就係好廢，又或者我睇唔起佢地。

10）英文裡面，溝通裡面，grammar唔係唔重要，pronunciation唔係唔重要，但仲有更加重要嘅，係attitude，同識得match番溝通嘅objective同埋講嘢方式

我成日都講beyond grammar；例如歌詞裡面嘅smile a little smile；Star Trek裡面嘅To boldly go where no one has gone before；蘋果嘅think different；麥當勞嘅I’m loving it，因為我知道rules are made to be broken。grammar只係達意嘅工具，最重要係你用嘅語言同你溝通嘅objective match。我唔覺得你有領會一點，一個人英文叻唔叻唔係在於一個人寫嘢有幾正確；而係在於佢嘅語言可以達到幾versatile/wide-ranging嘅objectives同purposes。

例如一個人識得用英文寫DSE文章或者office嘅email，唔代表識得寫blog posts；識得寫詩；識得拍Youtube video。我喺寫作上面，一直都experiment緊，以前都有幫人寫詩，自己寫literary essays，唔係淨係你講嘅Medium文。

Attitude方面，我一直都覺得香港學生（正如林沛理所講），淨係留喺read for information，未做到read for style、賞識英文呢個境界，亦有好多學生對英文冇興趣，只係當英文係生存嘅工具，咁樣係好難學好英文，只會搵捷徑（例如將好多時間投資喺考試技巧）同囫圇吞棗咁背詞語/句式。

11）Medium係我碎碎念嘅地方
我日日都寫Medium文，我寫Medium文多過我屙屎，好多都唔打算係比學生精讀嘅，更莫講或中學生。如果你睇我嘅中文文章，或者同樣係錯漏百出，但我嘅文係寫比讀者略讀嘅，每日當專欄咁寫，我唔覺錯有咩大不了。

能者多努，如果你仍然想批評，可以批評埋我喺Medium寫嘅其他英文文章，唔好淨係執我篇Listacle；同埋唔好喺連登出post問人有冇見過女仔屙尿，咁樣只會顯得你心理變態。

I am not the brightest; I am not the smartest. But I show up for my audience. That's what that matters.

Medium原文link：https://medium.com/@tiffanysuen/whats-wrong-with-hong-kongs-english-education-14bf7d0ca73f

LIHKG原link：https://lihkg.com/thread/2005909/

[時事英文] 死亡率（mortality rate）*、壓平曲線（flattening the curve）、活動限制 （lockdown）：如何理解這些術語？
　
Language goes beyond a sealed system governed by a rigid set of rules. To fully understand the meaning of a word, one must look further than connotation and denotation, and also take context into consideration. In this case, one needs to examine the social, political, economic, and even statistical contexts of the terms.
　
語言並非只是受嚴密規則所約束的封閉系統。為了充分理解一個單詞的意涵，我們不僅要瞭解其本義與引申義，同時還要考慮整個語境。在此一情況下，應要考察社會、政治、經濟甚至統計上的語境。
　
Does “confirmed cases,” for example, mean the same thing in every country before and during the coronavirus outbreak? What about “lockdowns”? Does it mean that the government is advising people to stay home or is someone nailing your door shut? Some food for thought when reading about the coronavirus outbreak.
　
例如，在冠狀病毒爆發前以及爆發期間，「確診病例」在各國是否具有相同的含義？那麼，封鎖呢？這是否意味著政府正建議人們留在家中，抑或有人正把你家大門釘上？以上是在閱讀疫情的相關資訊時所引人深思的一些事情。
　
*同學好心的補充說明：「mortality rate」通常指的是死亡率，而「fatality rate」則是（因罹患某疾病）致死率。兩者都是重要的死亡指標，但計算公式不相同。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
《紐約時報》報導：
　
Making sense of the coronavirus pandemic requires getting up to speed on semantics as much as epidemiology. Government officials and health care professionals toss off mentions of mortality rates, flattening the curve and lockdowns, assuming that we know what they mean. But the terms mean different things from country to country, state to state, even city to city and person to person. Officials use the same phrases about mass testing, caseloads and deaths to describe very different situations. That makes it hard to give clear answers to vital questions: How bad are things? Where are they headed?
　
1. make sense of… 理解……
2. get up to speed on 了解最新情況；跟上進度
3. toss off 輕而易舉地處理*
　
弄懂新型冠狀病毒大流行，既需要了解流行病學的最新情況，也需要在語義學上跟上形勢。「死亡率」、「壓平曲線」和「活動限制」等說法從政府官員和公共衛生專業人士的嘴裡脫口而出，他們假設大家都知道這些詞的意思。但對不同的國家、不同的州，甚至不同的城市和個人來說，這些術語有著不同的含義。 官員們使用「大規模檢測」、「病例數」和「死亡病例數」等相同的措辭，來描繪非常不同的情況。這令一些重要的問題難以得到明確的回答：情況有多糟糕？正在向什麼方向發展？
　
toss off: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/toss%20off
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
People search for insight by comparing their countries to those that are further along in the epidemic. But if the terms are misleading or used in differing ways, the comparisons are flawed. Also, the statistics and vocabulary offer a false sense of precision while in reality, the information we have shows only a fraction of what’s going on. “The new cases or deaths each day are given as exact numbers, and we’re trained to take that at face value,” said Mark N. Lurie, an epidemiologist at Brown University’s School of Public Health. “But those are far from exact, they’re deeply flawed, and their meaning varies from place to place and from time period to time period.”
　
4. be further along in 在……上走得更深遠
5. at face value 根據外表；從表面上看
　
人們將自己的國家與那些經歷了疫情更多階段的國家進行比較，以求了解情況。但是，如果這些詞語使人產生誤解，或在使用方式上存在差異的話，這種比較就是錯誤的。此外，這些統計數據和詞彙給人以精準的假象，而現實是，我們所掌握的信息僅代表冰山一角。「每天的新增病例數或死亡人數都是以精準數字的形式通報的，我們被訓練成只看這些表面數字。」布朗大學公共衛生學院流行病學家馬克・盧裡說。「但這些數字遠非精準，而且有嚴重缺陷，它們的含義因不同的時間和地點而不同。」
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
I. Confirmed Cases 確診病例
　
Countries vary wildly in testing for the virus and how they report the numbers, and experts say most infections are going undetected. So the publicized national tallies are rough, incomplete pictures that may not be all that comparable. And that’s if countries are forthcoming about their data.
　
6. vary wildly in 在……上有極大的差異*
7. publicize 公布；宣傳
8. national tallies 國家的統計數據
9. incomplete pictures 不完整的狀況
10. forthcoming 樂於幫助的
　
各國在病毒檢測以及通報數字的方式上有很大差異，而且專家們說，大多數感染都沒有被發現。因此，各國公布的只是粗略的數據，這些並不完整的描繪也許沒有多少可比性。這還是在假設各國願意提供數據的情況下。

wildly: https://bit.ly/2wkgPjo
　
⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹
　
Officials in the United States say that China, which has reported more than 82,000 infections, has understated its epidemic. Until this week, the Chinese government excluded those patients who tested positive for the virus but had no symptoms. China also doesn’t say how many tests it has conducted, and doubts have been raised about whether it has tested extensively in Xinjiang, the province where it holds hundreds of thousands of Muslims in indoctrination camps. The Covid Tracking Project, run by The Atlantic, has tried to compile all the numbers in the United States and reports more than 1.2 million tests so far, over 3,600 per million people.
　
11. understate 未如實陳述；避重就輕地說
12. exclude 把……排除在外
13. indoctrination camps 再教育營
14. run by 由……經營
　
中國通報的累計確診病例超過８萬２千例，美國官員說，中國淡化了國內的疫情。直到本週前，中國政府一直把病毒檢測呈陽性但沒有癥狀的感染者不納入確診病例。中國也未公開接受檢測的人數，而且外界已對中國是否在新疆進行了大規模檢測表示懷疑，中國在那裡把數十萬穆斯林關進了拘禁營。《大西洋月刊》的新冠肺炎追蹤計劃試圖匯總美國的所有數據，它統計到的數字是，美國迄今為止進行了逾１２０萬例檢測，平均每百萬人超過３６００例。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
II. Widespread Testing 大規模檢測

It matters not only how many people are tested, but also when, and who they are. Once again, countries differ, shaping what the numbers mean. A few countries, like South Korea, Australia and Singapore, got serious about mass testing early on. They used the information to do ambitious contact-tracing — finding and testing those who had recently been near infected people, even if they had no symptoms.
　
15. it matters 重要的是
16. not only……, but also…… 不僅……，而且……
17. get serious about 認真對待某事
18. early on 在早期
　
重要的不只是多少人做了檢測，檢測時間和檢測對象也很重要。各國在檢測時間和對象上也有不同，這讓數字的含義也有所不同。韓國、澳洲和新加坡等少數國家很早就開始認真地進行大規模檢測。他們利用這些信息嚴格追蹤接觸者，也就是找到並檢測那些親密接觸者，即使他們沒有癥狀。
　
⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹
　
But most nations with large numbers of cases have done less testing, waited longer to do it in bulk, and made little attempt at contact tracing. They find themselves playing catch-up with the virus, ramping up testing after their outbreaks had already mushroomed. They detect more cases, but by then it’s hard to tell how much of that growth is the expanding epidemic and how much is expanding surveillance. Unable to meet the demand, they often limit testing to the sickest patients and health workers.
　
19. in bulk 大量
20. make little attempt 幾乎未做嘗試
21. ramp up 增加*
22. mushroom (v.) 迅速增長；迅速發展*
23. meet the demand 滿足需求
24. limit……to 將……限制在……
　
但大多數存在大量確診病例的國家進行的檢測數量都比較少，都是等了更長時間後才開始進行大規模檢測，而且對追蹤接觸者的工作幾乎未做嘗試。這些國家發現自己在拚命追趕病毒的傳播，在疫情迅速蔓延後才加大了檢測力度。這些國家都檢測到了更多的病例，但此時已很難判斷新增病例中有多少是疫情不斷擴大的結果，有多少是擴大疫情監測的結果。由於無法滿足檢測需求，這些國家通常只能對病情最嚴重的患者以及衛生工作者做檢測。
　
ramp up: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/ramp-up
mushroom: https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/mushroom
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
III. Fatality Rates 致死率
　
It has been stated time and again: Italy and Spain have high mortality rates among coronavirus patients, Germany’s is low, and China’s is somewhere between. It may not be that simple. Counting the dead is as flawed and inconsistent as counting the infected. Recent reports say that mortuaries in Wuhan, China, where the disease was first discovered, have ordered thousands more urns than usual, suggesting a much higher death toll than the city’s official count, 2,535. The outbreaks in Wuhan, and parts of Italy and Spain, overwhelmed hospitals, forcing many sick people to ride it out at home. No one knows how many people have recovered or died without ever being tested. And if only the sickest patients are tested, then the number of infections will appear smaller and the percentage who die will seem higher.
　
25. time and again 屢次；一再
26. as flawed and inconsistent as 像……一樣存在缺陷與不一致
27. mortuary 停屍間（太平間）
28. urn 骨灰罈
29. suggest 暗示*
30. death toll 死亡人數
31. to ride it out 安然渡過（難關）*
　
一個反覆提及的說法是：義大利和西班牙的新冠病毒肺炎患者死亡率高，德國的低，中國的居中。情況也許並不那麼簡單。統計死亡人數和統計感染人數一樣存在缺陷和不一致的地方。最近有報導稱，武漢的殯儀館訂購的骨灰盒數比該市官方統計的２５３５例死亡高出好幾千，表明死亡人數遠高於官方公布的數字。新冠病毒最早就是在這座城市發現的。武漢以及義大利和西班牙部分地區的疫情使醫院不堪重負，許多患者被迫在家中渡過難關。沒人知道究竟有多少人在從未做檢測的情況下康復或死亡。如果只對病情最嚴重的患者做檢測的話，感染人數看上去會更低，而死亡率看起來將更高。
　
suggest: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/suggest
ride sth out: https://bit.ly/2Rd6Tj6
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
IV. The Peak 疫情高峰
　
Officials often talk about when the epidemic peaks or plateaus — when a country “flattens the curve.” But they rarely specify, the peak of what? And how can we be sure we’re past it? When an outbreak is growing unchecked, more people become infected and more die each day than the day before. On a graph, the curve showing the daily count of new cases has gone from rising sharply to moving sideways — the curve has flattened — and even begun to move downward. That is one corner being turned: The rate of the spread of the virus has slowed down. It takes longer to turn another: the rate of people dying.
　
32. from rising sharply to moving sideways 從急劇上升到橫向移動
33. turn the corner 好轉；度過難關*
　
官員們經常提疫情何時達到高峰或進入平台期，也就是一個國家「壓平曲線」的時候。但他們很少具體說明是什麼達到了高峰，以及我們怎麼能確定高峰已過？當疫情不受控制地發展時，每天的感染和死亡人數都比前一天多。曲線圖上顯示的每天新增病例數從急劇上升變得趨於平緩——曲線已被壓平——甚至開始下降。這是一個轉折點：病毒的傳播速度已經放緩。度過死亡人數的轉折點則需要更長的時間。
　
turn the corner: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/turn%20the%20corner
　
⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹
　
But even when those curves flatten, the epidemic still has not “peaked” by another crucial measure: the number of active cases. That figure continues to rise until the number of patients who either die or recover each day is larger than the number of new infections. To ease the staggering load on health care systems, the active cases curve must also flatten and then fall.
　
34. peak (v.) 使……達到頂峰
35. either……or…… 不是……就是……
36. staggering 沉重的；巨大的
　
但是，即使這些曲線已趨於平緩，疫情的另一個重要衡量指標——現存確診病例數——仍未達到「峰值」。在每天的死亡或康復患者人數超過新增感染人數之前，這個數字還將繼續上升。為緩解衛生系統的沉重負擔，現存確診病例數的曲線也必須先趨平，然後下降。
　
peak: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/peak_2
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
V. Lockdowns 封鎖（活動限制）
　
More than two billion people, including most Americans, are living under something usually called a lockdown. But there is no set definition of that word — or related terms like stay-at-home mandates and social distancing — so the details differ from place to place. The biggest differences may be in enforcement. Some places, like those in the United States with lockdowns, mostly rely on people to follow the rules without coercion. But Italy and others have deployed soldiers to ensure compliance, and French police have fined hundreds of thousands of people for violating restrictions. China, in addition to using security forces, mobilized an army of volunteers, ratcheting up social pressure to obey.
　
37. set definition 固定的定義
38. enforcement 實施；執行
39. rely on 仰賴；依靠
40. deploy 部署
41. compliance 服從
42. fine 處……以罰款（或罰金）
43. in addition to 除了……之外
44. mobilize 動員
45. ratchet sth up/down 逐步增加／減少
　
全球有２０多億人，包括大多數美國人正生活在一般被稱為「活動限制」的狀態下。但這個詞沒有固定的定義，其他的相關說法，比如政府的「待在家裡」和「保持社交距離」令也沒有明確的定義，所以各地的具體做法也不一樣。最大的不同可能在執行方面。有些地方，比如美國有限制令的地方，主要依靠人們自覺遵守，而非強制。但義大利等國為確保限制令的落實而動用了軍隊，法國警方還對數已十萬計的違反禁令者處以罰款。中國除了使用安全部隊外，還動員了一支志願者大軍來加大服從封鎖隔離措施的社會壓力。
　
⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹
　
Italy’s experience shows the looseness of the term. It has gone through several phases of restrictions, applying them to more people, making them stricter and increasing enforcement. A few weeks ago, a person could travel around Italy for a valid work or family reason. Now, people are fined for nonessential walking too far from their homes. But each stage was widely called by the same name: lockdown.
　
46. looseness 鬆散
47. valid 確鑿的；合理的；有根據的；讓人信服的
　
義大利的經歷表明了這個詞語解釋上的自由。義大利的封鎖令經歷了幾個階段，適用範圍擴大到越來越多的人，封鎖及其執行也變得越來越嚴格。幾週前，人們還可以因為正當的工作或家庭原因在義大利旅行。現在，人們會因不必要的離家太遠的走動而被罰款。但禁令的每個階段用的都是同一個泛泛的名稱：活動限制。
　
《紐約時報》完整報導：https://nyti.ms/2XcCUeT

圖片出處：https://fxn.ws/34gwSeH
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
時事英文大全：http://bit.ly/2WtAqop
　
如何使用「時事英文」：https://bit.ly/3a9rr38
　
＃疫情英文