I find this interesting and scary. Can any of you ease my mind and dispel this?
Mercury Myth: Only a trace amount of thimerosal is used when added to vaccines.
Truth: Thimerosal is added at a concentration of 1:10000. That is equivalent to 100,000 parts per billion (ppb). Half of thimerosal (C9H9HgNaO2S) is mercury. That makes 50,000 ppb mercury in the vaccine.
• 2 ppb mercury is the mandated limit in drinking water
• 200 ppb mercury in liquid waste renders it a toxic hazard
• 25,000 ppb is found in infant flu shots
• 50,000 ppb is found in regular flu shots — recommended for children, pregnant women, the elderly...
In different terms, there are 250,000 nanomolars Hg in a 0.5 ml flu shot.
It only takes 4 nM Hg to cause failure in the dendrites responsible for immune response and to cause cell death in brain neurons.
Thimerosal is toxic to developing neurons at 1 nM (1 ppb).
In other words, exceptionally low levels of thimerosal can impede neuron growth and function without actually killing the neurons.
http://www.vaccinesafety.edu/thi-table.htm
Myth: Ethylmercury from a vaccine is less toxic than methylmercury from fish or the environment.
Truth: A paper published in 2005 showed that baby primates injected with ethylmercury retain twice as much inorganic mercury in their brains as primates exposed to equal amounts of ingested methylmercury.
Both are forms of organic mercury. Organic converts to inorganic inside cells and becomes trapped. The cells start failing.
Here is a video of mercury's effect on neurons.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XU8nSn5Ezd8
Here is a table of thimerosal content in currently licensed vaccines according to the FDA.
http://www.vaccinesafety.edu/thi-table.htm
The table lists 'trace amounts' of thimerosal ranging from 0.00012% to 0.0033%.
That's equivalent to 1,200 ppb to 33,000 ppb.
Research shows thimerosal is toxic to neurons at 1 ppb.
Those 'trace amounts' are still 4 to 5 orders of magnitude higher.
Other vaccines are listed as ‘thimerosal-free’ or ‘mercury-free’.
But thimerosal is still used in the production process for many of those vaccines, after which an effort is made to filter it out.
Unfortunately the mercury has already bonded to proteins used in the vaccines and cannot be completely removed.
There is no safe level of mercury exposure.
http://www.fda.gov/…/SafetyAvailab…/VaccineSafety/UCM096228…
In 2004 the CDC's Chief of the Organic Analytical Toxicology Branch gave a presentation to the Institute of Medicine (IOM).
On page 21 he showed the following chemicals linked to Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) — thimerosal, thalidomide, lead, ethanol, valproic acid, and retinoids.
Some more math
So how much does “trace” mean? According to the CDC, it says less than or equal to 0.3mcg per dose.
Also the math on how many ppb in a “thimerosal free” vaccine:
0.3 mcg / 0.5mL =
0.3 mcg / .0005L =
…3,000 mcg / 5L =
600 mcg / L
1 mg/KG = 1 PPM (formal definition of PPM)
1 L = 1 KG (density of water or saline solution)
1 mcg/L = 1 PPB (because 1 KG and 1 L of water are equivalent)
THEREFORE:
600 mcg / L =
600 ppb Thimerosal in the “thimerosal-free” vaccine
Flu vaccine has “only” 25 mcg Thimerosal. The shot is 0.5mL. Let’s do some math:
25 mcg / 0.5mL =
25 mcg / .0005L =
250,000 mcg / 5L =
50,000 mcg / L
1 mcg / L = 1 ppb, therefore
The shot has 50,000 ppb of Thimerosal
Remember that 2 ppb mercury is the mandated limit in drinking water and normally 200 ppb would label something a toxic hazard.
So, in THIS study the reality shows that even though ethyl mercury may be excreted and or detoxed faster than methyl mercury, actually they both are potentially neuro-toxic and well potentially cumulative. How much ethyl mercury is left in the brain and other organs of the body, ir-regardless of the rate of assumed detox?
Arch Toxicol. 1985 Sep;57(4):260-7.
The comparative toxicology of ethyl- and methyl mercury.
Magos L, Brown AW, Sparrow S, Bailey E, Snowden RT, Skipp WR
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4091651
‘Mercury is known to be neurotoxic and has effects on the immune system as well. Mast cells are involved in allergic reactions, and also in inflammation, and innate and acquired immunity. Autistic individuals have a 10-fold greater number of hyperactive mast cells in most tissues. Mercury stimulates vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin (IL)-6 release from mast cells. These mediators could disrupt the blood–brain barrier and cause brain inflammation (Kempuraj et al., 2010)’ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2850891/
http://www.sailhome.org/Concerns/Vaccines/Thimerosal.html
valproic acid 在 新思惟國際 Facebook 的精選貼文
「最實際的是,透過自己分析,可以得到比較有實證的結果,在臨床治療上,增加治療的把握度,光這一點,我就覺得統合分析研究對臨床醫師很有意義。」
🎯 實證醫學是為了在臨床應用
我想很多人都會提到,meta-analysis 在實證醫學領域中,是最高等級證據,但在臨床研究中,因為不是自己收案完成研究,所以不被台灣大老、前輩們所重視。
但從曾秉濤醫師與張凱閔醫師的分享,我覺得統合分析論文,不止對發表有用,對臨床工作也非常適用。例如:曾醫師分享自己擔任精神科醫師,發現 valproic acid 使用在 schizophrenia 患者,可以產生一定效果,這和原本藥理學教科書記載不同,因此,他整理後投稿,並被期刊接受。
曾醫師同時也提出一個很重要的觀察:「Meta-analysis 最少可以只採用幾篇研究」。我認為這點,對於冷門研究領域的醫師而言,非常有幫助。像弱勢族群,在人體試驗委員會的審查要求,本來就比一般研究高,因此相關研究真的很少,從個別幾篇論文進行比較,已經相當困難,如果要完全符合 systematic review 的篩選條件,更是難上加難。
但是,經過這堂課程,我倒覺得,統合分析研究是個不錯的發表方向,一些冷門的題目,因為研究相對少,沒有人做過比較,我們可以搶先進入。最實際的是,透過自己分析,可以得到比較有實證的結果,在臨床治療上,增加治療的把握度,光這一點,我就覺得統合分析研究對臨床醫師很有意義。
🔺減少卡關|無資源也能寫出好論文
🔺立刻預約|2019 / 10 / 19(六)統合分析工作坊
🔺學術起飛|https://meta-analysis.innovarad.tw/event/
新思惟校友 PubMed 成績大爆發!
▪ 2019 年 8 月|49 篇 SCI 論文發表
▪ 2019 年 7 月|55 篇 SCI 論文發表
▪ 2018 全年成績|共有 443 篇論文發表
valproic acid 在 新思惟國際 Facebook 的精選貼文
🤔 統合分析其實並不是原以為的那樣
我想很多人都會提到,meta-analysis 在實證醫學領域中,是最高等級證據,但在臨床研究中,因為不是自己收案完成研究,所以不被台灣大老、前輩們所重視。
但從曾秉濤醫師與張凱閔醫師的分享,我覺得統合分析論文,不止對發表有用,對臨床工作也非常適用。
例如:曾醫師分享自己擔任精神科醫師,發現 valproic acid 使用在 schizophrenia 患者,可以產生一定效果,這和原本藥理學教科書記載不同,因此他整理後投稿,並被期刊接受。
曾醫師同時也提出一個很重要的觀察:「Meta-analysis 最少可以只採用幾篇研究。」我認為這點,對於冷門研究領域的醫師而言,非常有幫助。
【緊急插播 📣 名額僅剩最後 3 席,把握機會!】
對沒有資源的年輕研究者而言,meta-analysis 是研究起步的好領域,不需經過 IRB,也能利用臨床之餘的零碎時間工作,成為越來越多人出道時的選擇。
隨著時間及資源的積累,meta-analysis 變得更加容易寫、容易發,亦被多數學校與醫院升等接受。課程品質保證,讓初學者也能親手畫出投稿等級的圖表!
🔸 熱門課程|2019 / 8 / 11(日)統合分析工作坊
🔸 即將額滿|https://meta-analysis.innovarad.tw/event/
🔸 講者陣容|張凱閔醫師 / 曾秉濤醫師 / 蔡依橙醫師
🤔 實證醫學是為了在臨床應用
像弱勢族群,在人體試驗委員會的審查要求,本來就比一般研究高,因此相關研究真的很少,從個別幾篇論文進行比較,已經相當困難,如果要完全符合 systematic review 的篩選條件,更是難上加難。
經過這堂課程,我認為統合分析研究是個不錯的發表方向,一些冷門的題目,因為研究相對少,沒有人做過比較,我們可以搶先進入。
最實際的是,透過自己分析,可以得到比較有實證的結果,在臨床治療上,增加治療的把握度,光這一點,我就覺得統合分析研究對臨床醫師很有意義。
valproic acid 在 Valproic Acid pharmacology : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions 的推薦與評價
Valproate, and its valproic acid, sodium valproate, and valproate semisodium forms, are medications primarily used to treat epilepsy and ... ... <看更多>