翻轉視界 18 Changing Perspective
There's not just one road to the destination, but many roads. You just need to take the little step that’s right in front of you, and then the next one, and a few years down the track, they will seem like massive achievements.
通往目的地的路不止一條，有很多路可走。你只需要邁出眼前這一小步，然後再邁出下一步，幾年下來，將會成為巨大成就。
文章來自於New Humans of Australia (有取得授權)
★★★★★★★★★★★★
I didn’t meet my father until I was 6 years old. My parents had a comfortable, middle-class life in Shanghai, or as close as you could get under communism. But they always wanted to live overseas, and just before I was born, my dad came to Sydney to set things up. I don’t know why, but in the end, my mother and I didn’t join him until I was 6.
•a middle-class life 中產階級生活
•set things up 打點一切
•live overseas 往海外生活
•in the end 最後 (表達在經過一段時間或一連串事件之後的結果)
直到六歲前我都未曾見過父親。我的雙親在上海過著舒適的中產階級生活，或著說，在共產階級下所能得到的最接近的生活。他們一直響往海外生活，就在我出生前，我父親來到雪梨打點一切。但不知何故，直到六歲那年我與母親才終於與父親團聚。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Unfortunately, half a year after we arrived, he left us. That was a huge shock. Our transition had already been quite difficult, as we both didn't speak English. Also, as Shanghai was such a big bustling city, Sydney felt a bit like the countryside, especially on the weekends, as no shops were open back then!
•shock 令人震驚的事件（或經歷）；驚愕，震驚 (come as a great shock 讓人倍感震驚)
•transition 轉變；過渡
•a bustling city 繁華都會
不幸的是，就在我跟母親抵達半年後，父親離開了我們。這是個巨大的打擊，因爲我們不會說英文，在適應過渡期本就已過得相當艱辛。此外，不同於上海的繁華都會，雪梨更像鄉下，尤其在週末，那時連商店都不開門。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
We were very much reliant on my dad, not only financially, but also as a conduit into the wider community. So to have that broken was quite distressing. I remember Mum crying a lot. As we had become socially isolated, we didn’t find out anything about Centrelink, so we survived on her savings for a while, and then got some help from her family back in China.
•be reliant on… 依賴...
•a conduit into 進入...的渠道
•distressing (adj.) 令人苦惱的,令人擔憂的
•become socially isolated 變得孤立於社會
•survive on her savings 僅靠的她積蓄過日子
我們相當依賴我父親，不僅是經濟，他也是我們進入更廣泛社區的渠道。因此，當局面被打破時令人相當痛苦，我還記得母親時常哭泣。由於我們孤立於社會，所以我們並不知道澳洲社會福利聯絡中心 （Centrelink）的任何資訊，僅靠母親的積蓄支撐了一段時間，然後從母親在中國的娘家得到一些幫助。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Eventually, Mum moved us down to Melbourne, where we were able to make some new networks and family friendships. But I was bullied a bit at school about things like my food and clothing! Whenever someone bullied me, I would defend myself, but because I didn’t have the language skills to explain to the teacher why, I got in trouble quite a bit. I ended up having to move school 3 times before I came to Balwyn Primary School, which was relatively multicultural.
•be able to 能夠
•make new networks 建立新的人脈，關係網
•be bullied 被霸凌
•language skills 語言能力
•get in trouble 惹上麻煩
•end up 最後處於；最後成爲；以…告終
•relatively 相對地
•multicultural 多元文化的
最後，母親帶著我搬遷到墨爾本，在那我們能夠建立起新的網絡與家庭情誼。然而。我在學校飽受霸凌，例如我的食物及衣物。每當有人霸凌我，我會自我防衛，但我的語言技巧不足以向老師解釋事發原因，因此常常陷入麻煩。後來我不得不再三轉學，直到就讀相對多元文化的博文小學（Balwyn Primary School）。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
After that, I did alright. Music featured very prominently in my life. I had started learning the violin from the age of 2.5 years old and even with all the troubles that were going on in my life, had somehow still kept up with it. As a result, I got a music scholarship to Trinity Grammar School. But even there I used to get into quite a lot of mischief, and would often skip school to go to the movies.
•do alight 過得不錯，做的不錯
•feature (v.) 以…為特色；給…以顯著的地位
•prominently 重要地；著名地；突出地，顯眼地
之後，我便過得不錯。音樂在我生活中佔有重要的一席之地，我從兩歲半開始學習小提琴，儘管生活中事事不如意，我依然堅持不輟。因此，我獲得三一文法學校（ Trinity Grammar School）的音樂獎學金。但即使在那，我也常惡作劇、逃學看電影。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
By the end of year 11, I was told I would have to either repeat the year, or consider going to another school, which was quite humiliating for my mum. I decided to move school and surprisingly, I ended up doing quite well in year 12! As a result, I ended up getting into a double degree in Law and Music at Monash.
•repeat the year 留級 ; 重唸一年
•humiliating 令人感到恥辱的，丟臉的
11年級結束時，我被告知要麽被留級，要麼考慮轉學，這對我母親來說相當丟人。我決定轉學，而令人驚訝的是，我在12年級的時候表現優異，最後錄取蒙納士大學法律與音樂雙學位。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
When I started, my first thought was that I didn’t belong because I had done so badly in school up to year 11 and everyone else seemed so smart. But I put my head down, got through it, and ended up getting a job in the legal department of a major manufacturing company, which was a different approach to what most law students do.
•do not belong 不屬於這
•put my head down 埋頭苦幹
•the legal department of ...的法律部門
•a different approach 不同途徑
•approach （思考問題的）方式，方法，態度
當我開始進入大學，最初的想法是我不屬於這，因為我在11年級前都表現不佳，而這裡的人似乎都聰明絕頂。但我埋頭苦幹，咬牙撐過，最後在一家大型製造公司的法律部門找到工作，這與多數法律系學生的途徑不同。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
I really enjoyed it. It was hard work, but I learned a lot of foundational business, legal and corporate communication skills. After that I worked in corporate governance in RMIT, then started to moonlight as a lecturer in the Law Faculty. Eventually, they asked me if I wanted to do a PhD and I blindly said yes! I next worked at Swinburne University, and then was head-hunted to lead the corporate legal team at the Commercial Passenger Vehicles Commission.
•foundational 基礎的
•communication skills 溝通技巧
•corporate governance
•moonlight (v.) （尤指瞞著僱主）從事第二職業，兼職
•headhunt (v.) 物色（人才）； 挖角
•legal team 法律團隊
我非常喜歡這份工作，這是份辛苦的工作，但我學習了很多基礎商業、法律以及公司溝通技巧。之後我在皇家墨爾本理工大學（ RMIT）從事公司治理工作，並開始兼職擔任法律系講師。後來他們問我是否想要讀博士，我便盲目地答應了。接下來，我在斯威本大學（Swinburne University）工作，再被挖角到商用小客車委員會領導法律團隊。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
I had a good life, but after a while, I realised I wanted a different kind of job. I could see my seniors were making a lot of money but that their family life was not that good. And looking at my own upbringing, I wanted to be the kind of father who could be present in my own kids’ lives. So I decided on dentistry. It would not only allow me to use the hand skills that I had developed from playing the violin, but also the analytical and reasoning skills that I'd developed in law. Plus it would be flexible, and offer me a stable income and the chance to meet different people every day!
•upbringing 教養
•decide on sth 決定某事或東西
•analytical and reasoning skills 分析和推理能力
•offer a stable income 提供穩定收入
我的生活很不錯，但一段時間後，我意識到自己想要一份不同的工作。我知道前輩們賺了很多錢，但他們的家庭生活並不美滿。看著自己的成長經歷，我想要成為可以在孩子生活中出席的父親，所以我決定改行當牙醫。這項職業能讓我使用從拉小提琴中發展出的手部技巧，也能運用我在法律中發展出的分析與推理技能。此外，這個職業相當靈活，能為我提供穩定收入，並有機會每天與不同的人見面。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
My now fiancée, who was my girlfriend at the time, was also applying for further study, and coincidentally we both got into university in South Australia, so we moved to Adelaide together a few years ago.
•fiancée 未婚妻
•at the time 當時
•apply for 申請
•further study 繼續教育，進修；進一步研究；深造
•coincidentally 碰巧地；巧合地
我的未婚妻，當時的女友，也申請繼續深造，巧的是我們都考上南澳大學（University of South Australia)，所以幾年前一起搬到阿得雷德（ Adelaide）。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
I was lucky to get a university job at Flinders University. Initially, I started out as a casual lecturer in the law school, but I’ve since transitioned into teaching health law and research, and I’m currently writing a few books on the intersection between law and medicine. And also, obviously, trying to finish my dentistry degree!
•start out as… 起初擔任...
•transition into… 轉變到...
我很幸運的在福林德斯大學（Flinders University）找到工作，起初我在法學院擔任臨時講師，但我後來轉換到醫事法教學及研究。目前我正撰寫幾本關於法律與醫學相接的書籍，並努力完成我的牙醫學位。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Mum eventually retrained as a Chinese high school teacher, and she’s still teaching to this day. Like most first generation migrants, she struggled quite a lot, and invested heavily in my success. After we’re married, my fiancée and I are planning to have children, and I’m sure they will have it much easier than I did.
•retrain 重新培養；再培訓；再訓練
•to this day 至今
•first generation migrants 第一代移民
•struggle a lot 掙扎奮鬥許久
•have it much easier 過的比較輕鬆
我的母親最終重新接受培訓，成為一名中文高中老師並執教至今。如同大多數第一代移民，她掙扎奮鬥許久，並為我的成功投資甚多。我與未婚妻打算婚後生孩子，我確信孩子會過的比我輕鬆得多。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Still, a lot of the failures that I’ve had in my life have really informed a lot of my successes. Looking back, I wouldn't really want to change that to have a smoother life.
•inform [正式] 影響某人的態度或意見
https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/inform
•have a smoother life 有一個更順遂的人生
我的生活中的種種失敗確實為我的成功提供借鑑。回首過去，我不會想要改變那些坎坷經歷去擁有一個更順遂的人生。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Over the years, I've learned that perseverance is very important. I hope that through telling my story, I can be an example to others who might be in a similar position as I was: to show that there's not just one road to the destination, but many roads. You just need to take the little step that’s right in front of you, and then the next one, and a few years down the track, they will seem like massive achievements.
•over the years 多年來
•perseverance 不屈不撓，堅持不懈
•be an example 成為榜樣
•be in a similar position 處於相似的處境
•down the road/line/track 將來(的路)
多年來，我學到堅持不懈是至關重要的。我希望透過講述自己的故事，能成為其他可能與我有相似處境的人的榜樣：向他們展示通往目的地的路不止一條，有很多路可走。你只需要邁出眼前這一小步，然後再邁出下一步，幾年下來，將會成為巨大成就。
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Photographer: Paul Heinrich instagram.com/paulfheinrich
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★★★★★★★★★★★★
翻轉視界: http://bit.ly/3fPvKUs
批判性思考問題大全: http://bit.ly/34rdtJ7
will be文法 在 [文法] shall 跟will - 精華區Eng-Class - 批踢踢實業坊 的推薦與評價
請問shall跟will有沒有通用
以前學校只有教shall是應該 will是將怎麼樣
今天看新英文法什麼有意志無意志 看的不是很懂
去查816pro裡面寫 英式英語通常用shall 美式用will
那是不是指通用呀?
還有第一人稱單複數是不是都一定要用shall
無意志一下要 he will, you will, I shall
有意志要he shall ,shall he, I will
像有一個句子說 I shall be sixteen years old next year.
那寫I will be sixteen years old next year. 就錯了嗎?
不知道有沒有通用
謝謝各位大大
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作者: dale (冰城城主) 看板: Eng-Class
標題: Re: [文法] shall 跟will
時間: Fri Apr 29 17:55:25 2005
我不懂你的「通用」是在指什麼。
不過 "I shall"「誤用」成 "I will" 的情況──美式英文比英式英文嚴重；
再加上美式英文有認為用 "shall" 就帶有驕傲語氣的情節，並且有很多美國人
以為只要改成 "shall" 就會變成英式英文……|||
（嗯，美國人的誤會就讓他去吧。XD）
"I will be sixteen-year old next year"──
這句嚴格來看當然是錯的，關於「有意志」，你可以解釋成是一種承諾，
因為是「有意志地使之在未來發生」。"I promise to be sixteen-year old
next year" 當然怎麼看怎麼怪。
有個非常著名的例子，應該可以幫助你弄懂這個規則：
I shall drown, no one will save me!
I will drown, no one shall save me!
前者表示：我即將溺斃（無意志），卻沒人幫我（無意志）！
後者表示：我將溺斃（有意志），別來幫我（有意志）！
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作者: dale (冰城城主) 看板: Eng-Class
標題: Re: [文法] shall 跟will
時間: Sat Apr 30 00:51:01 2005
※ 引述《dale (冰城城主)》之銘言：
呃，我覺得不一樣，"shall" 跟 "will" 的差別有其意義在。
還是拿原來那句："I will drown; no one will save me."
從文字上來看你沒辦法準確分辨到底這個人是在哀號他快淹死了，
還是他想自殺。變成只能拿語氣、前後文來看到底是怎麼回事，
非常不方便。（當然就這個例子來談有其它不會產生誤會的說法，
但我的用意在於指出 "shall" 和 "will" 有它的意義在。）
所以我一再強調這是「誤用」。這是錯誤的、不對的用法；
而且在英式英文這兩者在日常生活中還算分得清楚，所以這種錯誤
要怎麼變成「okay 的用法」無論在技術上或實際考量上
都還有很大的距離。
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作者: dale (冰城城主) 看板: Eng-Class
標題: Re: [文法] shall 跟will
時間: Sat Apr 30 09:56:36 2005
※ 引述《Todesengel (QM & EM)》之銘言：
: 好比 I'm going to see you 與 I will see you 一樣，
: 前者是很肯定的，然而後者呢，
: 有可能只是也許會發生，甚至也有可能根本不會做。
: （以說話者的心態而言，而不是看字面上好像都會去的意思。）
姑且不論後者的說話者會不會爽約，
"I will see you," 這句話是一種承諾，類似：
"I promise to see you [at some point of time in the future]."
或："I am determined to see you [at some point of time
in the future]."
假如我和你是同事，我們正常情況下星期一會見到面，
那我會說："Have a good weekend, I shall see you on Monday."
因為我不需要 be determined to see you 就能 see you。
假如你是我上司，我想要跟你約時間見面，因此請求你的承諾，
那就可能有以下的對話：
dale: "Will you see me?"
Todesengel: "Yes, I will see you [in my office]."
這是你「允許」我們見面的狀態，是一種承諾。
: 至於“意志”， shall, will, be going to 三者都 somewhat 含有這個解釋，
: 要看句意來判別是否有意志，還是是其它的定義。
第一人稱的 shall 和第二、三人稱的 will 是「單純未來會發生」的，
應該還是無意志。
: 所以若以有沒有意志來看我將要十六歲的話，
: 會比較辛苦，雖然一樣會得到正確的答案；
: 若以單純看是否極有可能且確定必會發生的話，
: 那麼就非用 shall或 be going to不可了。
嗯，也可以看成因為它是無關乎意志的（就算沒意志也會發生），
所以才「極有可能且確定必會發生」吧。
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作者: dale (冰城城主) 看板: Eng-Class
標題: Re: [文法] shall 跟will
時間: Mon May 2 00:41:41 2005
※ 引述《dale (冰城城主)》之銘言：
「未來」分成兩種，一種是自然而然就會發生的，例如上班族星期一
如果沒意外應該會見到同事（但會不會蹺班，會不會請假不用去考慮）；
例如十五歲之後應該會變成十六歲（會不會生病或因為意外事故死亡
不用去考慮）；例如已經約好的兩個人應該會見面（但會不會爽約，
會不會迷路找不到對方不用考慮）。
另一種則是一種承諾的狀態（也就是所謂的「有意志」）。
例如甲和乙約定在未來的某一個時間點見面（至於會不會履行約定
則不去考慮）；例如我宣稱我將會把考試考好（會不會真的考好則不去考慮）。
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作者: LuciferXI (滷啥鬼啦是路西法) 看板: Eng-Class
標題: Re: [文法] shall 跟will
時間: Mon May 2 01:03:37 2005
參考一下字典
Shall
1 archaic a : will have to : MUST b : will be able to : CAN
2 a -- used to express a command or exhortation <you shall go>
b -- used in laws, regulations, or directives to express what is mandatory
<it shall be unlawful to carry firearms>
3 a -- used to express what is inevitable or
seems likely to happen in the future
<we shall have to be ready> <we shall see>
b -- used to express simple futurity <when shall we expect you>
4 -- used to express determination <they shall not pass>
usage
From the reams of pronouncements written about the distinction
between shall and will--dating back as far as the 17th century--
it is clear that the rules laid down have never very accurately
reflected actual usage.
The nationalistic statements of 18th and 19th century British grammarians,
who commonly cited the misuses of the Irish, the Scots, and occasionally
the Americans, suggest that the traditional rules may have come closest
to the usage of southern England.
Some modern commentators believe that English usage is still the closest
to the traditionally prescribed norms. Most modern commentators allow that
will is more common in nearly all uses. The entries for shall and will in
this dictionary show current usage.
Will
1 -- used to express desire, choice, willingness, consent, or
in negative constructions refusal
<no one would take the job>
<if we will all do our best>
<will you please stop that racket>
2 -- used to express frequent, customary, or habitual action or
natural tendency or disposition
<will get angry over nothing> <will work one day and loaf the next>
3 -- used to express futurity <tomorrow morning I will wake up
in this first-class hotel suite -- Tennessee Williams>
4 -- used to express capability or sufficiency
<the back seat will hold three passengers>
5 -- used to express probability and often equivalent to the simple verb
<that will be the milkman>
6 a -- used to express determination, insistence, persistence, or willfulness
<I have made up my mind to go and go I will>
b -- used to express inevitability <accidents will happen>
7 -- used to express a command, exhortation, or injunction
<you will do as I say, at once>
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作者: NinaRicci (ninaricci) 看板: Eng-Class
標題: Re: [文法] shall 跟will
時間: Mon May 2 15:49:36 2005
: 不知道有沒有通用
: 謝謝各位大大
如果你說I shall 或是we shall, it means simple future without intension
但是如果subject是you / he / she / they shall, 那麼其意思表達了
說這句話的人或是其他非subject的人的intention
如果你說I will 或是we will, it expresses your intention
但是如果subject是you / he/ she/ they will, 那麼其意思表達了 simple future
或是subject's intention
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作者: RichieChen (我怎麼不知我是種茶的?) 看板: Eng-Class
標題: Re: [文法] shall 跟will
時間: Tue May 3 12:48:45 2005
※ 引述《dale (冰城城主)》之銘言：
: 另一種則是一種承諾的狀態（也就是所謂的「有意志」）。
: 例如甲和乙約定在未來的某一個時間點見面（至於會不會履行約定
: 則不去考慮）；例如我宣稱我將會把考試考好（會不會真的考好則不去考慮）。
剛看了一下
他也有一題是這樣問..
Shall you (美 will you) be able to come tomorrow? 明天你將能來嗎?
yes, I shall. 是的 我將能來
那請問這不也是一種承諾的有意志未來嗎?
怎麼用I shall 呢
謝謝前輩
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作者: dale (冰城城主) 看板: Eng-Class
標題: Re: [文法] shall 跟will
時間: Tue May 3 13:12:41 2005
※ 引述《RichieChen (我怎麼不知我是種茶的?)》之銘言：
: 剛看了一下
: 他也有一題是這樣問..
: Shall you (美 will you) be able to come tomorrow? 明天你將能來嗎?
詢問意志，為了禮貌。
: yes, I shall. 是的 我將能來
問題用 "shall"，回答通常不會刻意再轉成 "will" 吧？
如果想成語氣轉為 simple futurity，有「當然」的意味，
也沒什麼問題。
: 那請問這不也是一種承諾的有意志未來嗎?
: 怎麼用I shall 呢
: 謝謝前輩
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